2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文
E
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."
52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to .
A. determine one's behavior
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fall to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇翻译
人们普遍认为,人们的行为方式源于他们的个性和态度。他们回收垃圾,因为他们关心环境,他们支付5美元买焦糖拿铁，因为他们喜欢昂贵的咖啡饮品。
据社会心理学家Daryl Bem 所说，我们的行为源于我们内在的性格，这是不可否认的,但在许多情况下我们也能通过观察我们自己的行为，判断我们是谁而得出结论。我们对自己完全不了解。如果我们知道我们自己的想法,那么为什么我们还要通过我们的行为来猜测我们的偏好是什么?如果我们的思想是一本打开的书,那么我们就要知道我们到底有多么关心环境或多么喜欢拿铁咖啡。事实上,我们经常需要透过我们的行为来搞清楚我们是谁。
此外,我们不只是要通过我们的行为来了解我们特定的性格种类，并推断出我们以前不存在的性格。我们的行为往往是由我们周围那些我们没有意识到的微小压力塑造而成。也许我们循环利用只是因为如果我们不这样做，我们的妻子和邻居就不同意。也许我们买拿铁咖啡只是为了给我们周围的人留下深刻印象。我们不应该错误地认为我们的行为总是由我们的内在性格决定。
无论有什么压力或得出什么样的推论,人怎么做就会变成什么样,哪怕这可能与他自己的愿望不符。因此,我们都应该牢记库尔特•冯内古特的建议:“我们假装我们是什么样的，我们就是什么样的，因此对于我们要假装成什么样，我们必须小心谨慎。”
2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇答案精析
52. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes."可知，个性和态度通常被认为能决定一、个人的行为。故选A项。
53. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的"It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are"可推断，Daryl Bem认为归还钱包说明人的诚实。故选A项。
54. B 推理判断题。根据划线句前面一句"Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize."和后面一句"Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us."可推断，我们可能会受到外部压力的影响。故选B项。
55. C 主旨大意题。文章开门见山提出个性和态度决定一个人的行为。C项概括了文章主旨。
