有机化学课后习题答案南开大学版7立体化学

第七章 立体化学
1. 区别下列各组概念并举例说明。(略)
2. 什么是手性分子下面哪些是手性分子,写出它们的结构式,并用RS标记其构型:
CH2CH3(1BrHCH2CH2CH3RHCH2CH3BrCH2CH2CH3S(2ClCH2CH3HCH(CH32RHCH2CH3ClCH(CH32S
CH2CH3(3ClHCH2CH2ClRHCH2CH3ClCH2CH2ClS(4ClCl无手性
Cl
(5ClS
SClR
Cl
(6ClClR无手性
ClCH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3无手性
H3C(7C=CH2CH3无手性无手性H3CC=CH2CH3
3.下列化合物哪些有旋光性为什么
(1 无(对称面)(2 无(对称面)(3 有;(4 有;(5 无(平面分子)(6 有; (7 无(对称中心)(8 无(对称面)

4. 命名下列化合物。
1R-3--1-戊烯; 22S3R-2-甲基-13-二氯戊烷; 32R3R-2--3-溴戊烷; 42S3S4R-2--34-二溴己烷; 51S2S4S-1-甲基-4-异丙基-2-氯环己烷.

5. 写出下列化合物的构型式:

CHCH3CH2OH2CH2OH(1HOH(2HOH(3CH3OHC6H5CHHOH(43CH3CH3BrHCHHCH32C65CH(5HBr(6CH3H(73CH2OHClHCH2CH3CH2CH3

6.写出下列化合物的所有立体异构体,并用RSZE表明构型。 124-二溴戊烷:两个相同的手性碳,有3种异构体;
CH3CH3CH3HBrHBrBrHHHHHHHHBrBrHHBrCH3CH3CH3(2R,4S(2S,4S(2R,4R
212-二苯基-1-氯丙烷:两个不同的手性碳,有4种异构体;
CH3CH3CH3CH3HPhPhHPhHHPhHClClHHClClHPhPhPhPh(1S,2R(1R,2S(1S,2S(1R,2R
31-甲基-2-乙叉基环戊烷:有旋光异构和顺反异构;
CH3CHCH3CCH3HCHCH3HCH3HHCH3(S,Z(S,E(R,Z412-二氯环丁烷:反式无对称因素,有对映体
Cl
ClClClClCl(R,S(R,R(S,S
51--1-氯丁烷:一个手性碳,有一对对映体
HClC=CCH3BrHCH3HCCH3HCH3(R,E
CH2CH2CH3HCl(SDDCH2CH2CH3HCl(R
7.写出下列化合物的费歇尔投影式,并用RS标定不对称原子。
CH2CH3(1HCl(SC2H5(5HBrDCH3CH3(S(6HHBr(2ClHCH3HClCH3(2R,3RCH3OHOHCH3F(3HCl(SCH3HBrBrHCH2CH3(2S,3SBr(4CH3HDOH(S
CH3(7(8HHBrClCH3(2R,3S
(2R,3S8. 下列各对化合物哪些属于非对映体,对映体,顺反异构体,构造异构体或同一化合物 1)对映体;2)对映体;3)对映体;4)对映体;5)顺反异构;6)非对映异构;7)同一化合物;8)构造异构.

9. 1)四种馏分,其构型式如下:
CH2CH3CH3HCH2ClAHCH2CH3CH3CH2ClClCH3CH2CCH3CH3BHCH(CH32ClCH3CClCH3DCH(CH32HCH3CH3CHCH2CH2Cl 2)无光学活性的馏分;
3)两种为外消旋体(AC,两种为无手性碳原子的化合物(BC 4)外消旋体的生成历程如下;
ACH3HHCH3CC2H5ClCH2HCH3CC2H5+CH3HCH2CC2H5Cl2外消旋HCCH(CH32ClC

HCH3CCH(CH32ClCl外消旋
CH3
10. 1S构型;
2a)对映体;b)相同;c)相同;d)相同。
11. CH3(CH212HC=CH(CH27CH3CH3(CH212C=CH(CH27CH3H
CH3HCH2CH2Cl有手性(R
12. (1CH3ClHCH2CH3R-仲丁基氯300 CCl2ClCH3CH2CCH3+Cl无手性CH3HClCH3有手性(R,RCH2ClClHCH2CH3有手性(S+Cl+ClH+ClClCH3HHCH3无手性(R,SCH3HClCH3(R,RCH3HCl(S,SClHCH3
Cl
(2CH3CH2CHCH3300 CCl2CH2ClClHCH2CH3(SCH2ClHClCH2CH3(R+ClH外消旋,无手性CH3HHCH3RS内消旋,无手性(SCH3+HClCH2CH2Cl外消旋,无手性CH3HCH2CH2Cl(RCl+CH3CH2CCH3Cl+ClClCl外消旋,无手性
CH3(3CH3CH2CHCH2Cl300 CCl2CH2ClClCH3CH2CH3(SCH2ClCH3ClCH2CH3(R+CH3HCH3ClHCH3(S,SCH3CH3HHClCH3(R,R外消旋,无手性CH2Cl+ClCH2CHCH2CH3CH2Cl+HHCH3ClCH3(S,S无手性CH3Cl(R,RCH3CH2ClHH+CH3外消旋,无手性CH2ClHCH3CH2CH2Cl(RCH2ClHCH2CH2Cl(S外消旋,无手性外消旋,无手性
4)两种馏分:
CH3CH2=CHHBrCH2BrBr2CH2Br+HBrBrHCH3(S,S有手性BrBrCH3(R,SHH有手性

13. A的结构如下:
HCH3CC

C=CCH3H及其对映体

CHCH3
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