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2012版电路实验指导书

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
第一部分实验须知
一、电路实验课的目的
《电路》是为工科电类专业开设的一门技术基础课，它面对生产技术实践的直接性决定了电路实验课在整个教学过程中的特殊重要地位。电路实验，不仅在于验证某些电工理论，更重要的是在于通过实验手段不断提高自己独立分析和解决实际问题的基本技能。关于这一教学目的，在国家教委颁布的、由电工课程指导委员会编写的《电工课程基本要求》中有非常明确的规定。据此，具体地讲应当达到：
1.能够正确使用常用的电工仪表、电子仪器和电器设备。
2.能读懂基本的电原理图，了解常用电气、电子元器件，并能组装成实际工作电路。
3.能对组装的实际工作电路进行分析与故障排除，正确调试与测量。4.具有科学、安全用电的基本能力。
5.具有正确归纳实验数据、运用理论科学地分析与指导实践活动的能力，以及严谨的科学态度与实事求是的工作作风。二、电路实验规则
1.纪律规则
（1）按实验课表规定的时间、地点和编组按时上课,不得旷课、迟到早退或擅自串组换课。
（2）教师讲解时，要聚精会神地听讲；进行实验时，要专心致志地操作，不能从事与本次实验无关的活动。
（3）实验课课堂应保持文明、安静和整洁的环境，组内研讨问题应当文明低语，严禁喧哗打闹和串组走动。
（4）未经教师许可，不得随意改变实验内容。
（5）必须严格服从指导教师的管理，不准私自查阅教师的随堂纪录和加以纠缠。
2.爱护公物规则
（1）应按仪器仪表和电器设备的技术要求精心操作，严禁漫不经心地使实验器具受到挤压、折弯、冲击、振动、反复磨损或随意拆卸及污染等。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
（2）严禁擅自动用本次实验使用之外的一切设备。
（3）对本次实验发给的元器件、材料或工具应精心使用，结束实验时应仔细清点，如数归还，严禁私自携出。
（4）实验中如发现仪器设备有异常或损坏，实验元件、材料和工具有遗失，应立即向指导教师申报并有义务提供笔录，备案。
（5）自觉强化“节约意识”，应千方百计地将实验所耗能源和材料降为最低水平。
3.安全规则安全用电常识简介
实践证明，50Hz、10mA以下的直流电流流经人体不会发生伤亡事故，而当工频（50Hz）50mA以上的交流流经人体就会发生危险，危险程度，视电流大小和通电时间而定。
人体通电后的反应为：不舒适的感觉，肌肉痉挛，脉搏和呼吸节奏失常，内部组织损伤，直到死亡。
人体电阻大约在八百欧到几百千欧范围内（受表皮状况影响较大）。如按800欧计，设通入危险电流为50mA，则人体承受电压为
U=IR=0.05×800=40V
此值可作为“危险电压值”。因此，我国规定“安全电压”通常为36V，而在危险场所（如潮湿或含腐蚀性气体等环境），则安全电压降为12V。
人体被电流伤害分两类：A电伤：是人体外部被电弧灼伤。
B电击：是指人体内部因电流刺激而发生人体组织的损伤。
低压（380／220V）系统中触电伤害主要是电击，而死亡事故也多为电击所致。
通过上述介绍，可以明确：在实验环境下，如果触摸电压高于40V以上的带电物，均可能发生危险；还可以明确：为了防止触电，一是应对可能发生电弧的部位保持恰当距离，二是在任何瞬间，任何情况下均应使自己的身体绝对不应构成电流的通路（如脚踏良好绝缘物、不用双手触摸通电裸导体等）。为加强安全管理，制定如下规则：
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
（1）实验线路的搭接、改装或拆除，均应在可靠断电条件下进行。（2）在电路通电情况下，人体严禁接触电路中不绝缘的金属导线和连接点带电部位,以免触电。万一发生触电事故,应立即切断电源,保证人身安全。
（3）实验中,特别是设备刚投入运行时,要随时注意仪器设备的运行情况。如发生有超量程、过热、异味、冒烟、火花等，应立即断电，并请指导老师检查。
（4）了解有关电器设备的规格、性能及使用方法，严格按要求操作．注意仪器仪表的种类、量程和接线方法，保证设备安全。
（5）实验时应精力集中，衣服、头发等不要接触电动机及其他可动电器设备，以免发生事故。
（6）严禁到他组任意取用物件或乱说乱动。
（7）实验结束整理中，首先要先关闭一切设备的电源开关．在整理中，也应精心处置实验所用的一切导体，以免为下一班实验留下隐患。
4.卫生规则
（1）实验室内自觉保持卫生整洁，个人用品应合理放置，对实验台上的灰尘杂物应随时主动清除，严禁乱扔杂物，随地吐痰、抽烟和吃零食。
（2）实验结束后，应认真做好整理。要将仪器设备、实验材料与工具、坐凳等整齐地归回原位。
（3）每次做实验的学生均有清扫教室的劳动义务，参加实验的班级均有课余时间参加实验室大扫除的义务。三、实验程序教学
1.预习要求
（1）预习内容:课前应认真阅读指导书中的《实验须知》和该次实验项目的全部内容,并将所涉及的理论知识复习好。
（2）书写预习报告:应在实验课前按下述要求工整、清楚、整洁地将有关内容写入专门格式的《电路实验报告》内。
a：实验目的：可按指导书抄写（或自己加以完整准确的表述）。b：实验仪器与设备：可按指导书抄写。
c：实验原理：可按指导书“实验原理”中的相关内容，自己做出逻辑层次清楚、内容完整准确的表述。表述一般要“文图并茂”，即应当完整地画出实验
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmost
hope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-3-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
电路示意图，附必要的电路原理图、向量分析图，对某些重要元器件（如集成片），应画出引线示意图。这一环节既要正确地阐明原理，又要便于指导自己参加实验。
d：实验内容与步骤：可按指导书抄写（或自己加以完整准确的表述）。书写形式上应突出操作步骤的有序性和强调必要的注意事项。
“实验步骤”中的数据表格，应按指导书规定格式画出，注意做必要的“放大”，以便在实验中填写，表内如列有“计算值”栏目，系指就实验电路中所采用的元器件的标称值（即指导书中给定数值）作为电路参数，依据理论公式进行计算的结果。书写预习报告时，应写出理论公式的表达式并进行相应的计算，将计算结果填入表中“计算值”栏目。事先的理论分析与计算，对指导自己正确地实际操作和测试，显然是有益的。
书写预习报告决不是不假思索地抄写指导，而是以实验题目为“技术任务”，根据所学到的基本知识和基本理论，参照指导书给定的格式，为“技术实现”而书写的技术性设计或报告。写出工整简洁的、逻辑严谨的科学技术报告，是工程师必须具备的基本技能。
2.课堂教学程序
（1）学生应准时按规定到实验台前就坐、出示预习报告。
（2）教师讲授：实验主讲教师以口头、板书和密切对照实物的方式讲授本次实验的精华（如：线路板结构、仪器仪表使用要领、实验步骤和操作程序以及注意事项）。一般时间长度不超过30分钟，这就要求每个学生特别仔细地听取与记录。
（3）学生搭接电路：教师讲授结束后，在断电条件下搭接电路。搭接时应注意体会接线要领且应循序渐进，已搭接的电路应确保其可靠性。事实证明，对电路原理图熟悉的学生，此项工作进行较快。
（4）学生自检：电路搭接完毕，应反复检查（必要时用万用表欧姆档观察线路接的可靠性）。如确认无误，方可报告教师审查。
（5）教师审查：指导教师对学生搭接电路的审查主要着眼两个方面，一是安全用电方面，即着眼电路不应危及人员安全;二是实验设备与器件方面安全，即着眼电路不应造成器材损失。教师此时不着眼电路搭接是否全面正确，只要确认为上述“两个安全”得以保证，即允许该实验组通电操作。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
（6）通电操作：学生必须经教师审查电路允许后方可接通电源，否则视为违章。通电后，如发现自己接的电路不能正常工作，应积极思考，立足于自己排除故障，不应当不做任何努力而试图请教师代劳，在实验过程中必须用如下观念来明确师生关系：
学生—实验操作的“主角”教师—实验操作的“顾问”
实验指导教师在学生进行实验过程中的“指导”职责体现在两方面：一是对“经过努力、仍感到困难”的学生进行启发、引导；二是注意观察并随时考核每个学生的动手能力。由此可见，每个学生必须以“勤于动脑、勤于动手”操作主角的身份投入实验，才能在教师指导下提高解决实验问题的基本技能，这一点与理论课堂上被动听课的身份相比，是一个转化，希望引为注意。
（7）结束整理：下课前约留5-10分钟作为整理时间，应按前述实验室规则要求完成，经教师允许后，方可离开。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-5-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
第二部分上机实验内容
实验一、基尔霍夫定律的验证
一、实验目的
1.验证基尔霍夫定律的正确性，加深对基尔霍夫定律的理解。2.学会用电流插头、插座测量各支路电流。3.掌握电路电位图的绘制方法二、实验原理
1.基尔霍夫定律是电路的基本定律。测量某电路的各支路电流及每个元件两端的电压，应能分别满足基尔霍夫电流定律（KCL）和电压定律（KVL）。即对电路中的任一个节点而言，应有ΣI＝0；对任何一个闭合回路而言，应有ΣU＝0。
运用上述定律时必须注意各支路或闭合回路中电流的正方向，此方向可预先任意设定。
2.在一个闭合电路中，各点电位的高低视所选的电位参考点的不同而变，但任意两点间的电位差（即电压）则是绝对的，它不因参考点的变动而改变。
电位图是一种平面坐标一、四两象限内的折线图。其纵坐标为电位值，横坐标为各被测点。要制作某一电路的电位图，先以一定的顺序对电路中各被测点编号。以图5-1的电路为例，如图中的A～F,并在坐标横轴上按顺序、均匀间隔标上A、B、C、D、E、F、A。再根据测得的各点电位值，在各点所在的垂直线上描点。用直线依次连接相邻两个电位点，即得该电路的电位图。
在电位图中，任意两个被测点的纵坐标值之差即为该两点之间的电压值。
在电路中电位参考点可任意选定。对于不同的参考点，所绘出的电位图形是不同的，但其各点电位变化的规律却是一样的。三、实验设备
序号1234
名称直流可调稳压电源万用表直流数字电压表电位、电压测定实验电路板
型号与规格0~30V0~200V

数量二路111
备注DG04自备D31DG05
四、实验内容
利用DG05实验挂箱上的“基尔霍夫定律/叠加原理”线路，按图2.1.1接线。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
F
6V
R1=510Ω
AI3
R2=1KΩ
B
12V
+
E1-
S1
R3=510Ω
E
R4=510Ω
D
IN4007R5=330Ω
S2
+E2-
C

图2.1.1
1.分别将两路直流稳压电源接入电路，令U1＝6V，U2＝12V。（先调准输出电压值，再接入实验线路中。）
2.以图2.1.1中的A点作为电位的参考点，分别测量B、C、D、E、F各点的电位值φ及相邻两点之间的电压值UAB、UBC、UCD、UDE、UEF及UFA，数据列于表中。
3.以D点作为参考点，重复实验内容2的测量，测得数据列于表中。电位参考点
φ与U
φAφB

φCφD

φE
φFUABUBCUCDUDEUEFUFA






计算值
A
测量值相对误差计算值
D
测量值相对误差
任意设定三条支路和三个闭合回路的电流正方向。图2.1.1中的I1、I2、I3的方向已设定。三个闭合回路的电流正方向可设为ADEFA、BADCB和FBCEF。
4.将电流插头分别插入三条支路的三个电流插座中，读出并记录电流值。5.用直流数字电压表分别测量两路电源及电阻元件上的电压值，记录之。被测量计算值测量值相对误差
I1(mAI2(mAI3(mAU1(V



U2(V
UFA(VUAB(VUAD(VUCD(VUDE(V




五、实验思考题
1.根据图2.1.1的电路参数，计算出待测的电流I1、I2、I3和各电阻上的电压值，记入
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmost
hope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-7-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
表中，以便实验测量时，可正确地选定毫安表和电压表的量程。
2.实验中，若用指针式万用表直流毫安档测各支路电流，在什么情况下可能出现指针反偏，应如何处理？在记录数据时应注意什么？若用直流数字毫安表进行测量时，则会有什么显示呢？
六、实验注意事项
1.测量电位时，用指针式万用表的直流电压档或用数字直流电压表测量时，用负表棒（黑色）接参考电位点，用正表棒（红色）接被测各点。若指针正向偏转或数显表显示正值，则表明该点电位为正（即高于参考点电位）；若指针反向偏转或数显表显示负值，此时应调换万用表的表棒，然后读出数值，此时在电位值之前应加一负号（表明该点电位低于参考点电位）。数显表也可不调换表棒，直接读出负值。
2．所有需要测量的电压值，均以电压表测量的读数为准。U1、U2也需测量，不应取电源本身的显示值。
3.防止稳压电源两个输出端碰线短路。
4.用指针式电压表或电流表测量电压或电流时，如果仪表指针反偏，则必须调换仪表极性，重新测量。此时指针正偏，可读得电压或电流值。若用数显电压表或电流表测量，则可直接读出电压或电流值。但应注意：所读得的电压或电流值的正确正、负号应根据设定的电流参考方向来判断。七、实验报告要求
1．根据实验数据，绘制两个电位图形，并对照观察各对应两点间的电压情况。两个电位图的参考点不同，但各点的相对顺序应一致，以便对照。
2.根据实验数据，选定节点A，验证KCL的正确性。
3.根据实验数据，选定实验电路中的任一个闭合回路，验证KVL的正确性。4.将支路和闭合回路的电流方向重新设定，重复1、2两项验证。5.误差原因分析。6.心得体会及其他。


onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验二、电压源与电流源的等效变换
一、实验目的
1.掌握电源外特性的测试方法。2.验证电压源与电流源等效变换的条件。
3.学习自行设计实验电路、自行安排实验步骤，能够对实验数据进行分析。二、实验原理
1.一个理想的电压源在一定的电流范围内，具有很小的内阻，其输出电压不随负载电流而变，其外特性曲线即伏安特性曲线U=ƒ（I）是一条平行于I轴的直线；一个理想的电流源在一定的电压范围内，具有很大的内阻，其外特性曲线即伏安特性曲线U=ƒ（I）是一条平行于U轴的直线。
2.一个实际的电压源（或电流源），其输出电压（或输出电流）是随负载的改变而变化的，因为它具有一定的内阻值。故在实验中，用一个小阻值的电阻（或大阻值的电阻）与稳压源（或恒流源）相串联（或并联）来模拟一个实际的电压源（或电流源）。
3.一个实际的电源，就其外部特性而言，即可以看成是一个电压源，又可以看成是一个电流源。若视为一个电压源，则可用一个理想的电压源US与一个电阻R0相串联的电路模型来表示；若视为电流源，则可用一个理想的电流源IS与一个电阻R0相并联的电路模型来表示。如果这两种电源具有相同的外特性，则称这两个电源是等效的。G0代表电导。一个电压源与一个电流源等效变换的条件为
IS
US11
USISR0,R0,G0
G0R0R0或
三、实验设备序号12345678
名称
可调直流稳压电源可调直流恒流源直流数字电压表直流数字毫安表万用表电阻器可调电阻箱实验线路

-9-
型号与规格0~30V0~500mA0~200V0~200mA
120Ω，200Ω510Ω，1KΩ0~99999.9Ω

数量111111
备注DG04DG04D31D31自备DG09DG09DG05
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
四、实验内容
1.测定电压源的外特性（1）设计实验方案。
（2）按设计好的实验方案在实验台上选择器件并接线。
（3）记录理想电压源输出电压及电流的实验数据，并对实验结果加以说明。（4）记录实际电压源输出电压及电流的实验数据，并对实验结果加以说明。2.测定电流源的外特性（1）设计实验方案。
（2）按设计好的实验方案在实验台上选择器件并接线。
（3）记录实际电流源输出电压及电流的实验数据，并对实验结果加以说明。3.测定电源等效变换的条件（1）设计实验方案。
（2）按设计好的实验方案在实验台上选择器件并接线。
（3）按设计电路图接上电压源记录实际电压源电路中负载的电流和电压值。
（4）按设计电路图接上电流源，调节恒流源的输出电流IS使负载中的电压和电流与步骤（3）相等，记录IS值。
注意：以上（3）、（4）两步实验要求负载不变。对实验结果加以说明并验证等效变换条件的正确性。五、实验思考题
1.通常直流稳压电源的输出端不允许短路，直流恒流源的输出端不允许开路，为什么？2.电压源与电流源的外特性为什么呈下降变化趋势，稳压源和恒流源的输出在任何负载下是否保持恒值？六、实验注意事项
1.在测电压源外特性时，不要忘记测空载时的电压值，测电流源外特性时，不要忘记测短路时的电流值，注意恒流源负载电压不要超过20伏，负载不要开路。2.换接线路时，必须关闭电源开关。3.直流仪表的接入应注意极性与量程。七、实验报告要求
1.根据实验数据绘出电源的四条外特性曲线，并总结、归纳各类电源的特性。2.从实验结果，验证电源等效变换的条件。3.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验三、受控源
一、实验目的
通过测试受控源的外特性及其转移参数，进一步理解受控源的物理概念，加深对受控源的认识和理解。二、原理说明
1.电源有独立电源（如电池、发电机等）与非独立电源（或称为受控源）之分。受控源与独立源的不同点是：独立源的电势Es或电激流Is是某一固定的数值或是时间的某一函数，它不随电路其余部分的状态而变。而受控源的电势或电激流则是随电路中另一支路的电压或电流而变的一种电源。
受控源又与无源元件不同，无源元件两端的电压和它自身的电流有一定的函数关系，而受控源的输出电压或电流则和另一支路（或元件）的电流或电压有某种函数关系。
2.独立源与无源元件是二端器件，受控源则是四端器件，或称为双口元件。它有一对输入端（U1、I1）和一对输出端（U2、I2）。输入端可以控制输出端电压或电流的大小。施加于输入端的控制量可以是电压或电流，因而有两种受控电压源（即电压控制电压源VCVS和电流控制电压源CCVS）和两种受控电流源（即电压控制电流源VCCS和电流控制电流源CCCS）。它们的示意图见图2.3.1。
3.当受控源的输出电压（或电流）与控制支路的电压（或电流）成正比变化时，则称该受控源是线性的。
理想受控源的控制支路中只有一个独立变量（电压或电流），另一个独立变量等于零，即从输入口看，理想受控源或者是短路（即输入电阻R1＝0，因而U1＝0）或者是开路（即输入电导G1＝0，因而输入电流I1＝0）；从输出口看，理想受控源或是一个理想电压源或者是一个理想电流源。
I2
+gmU1-VCCS
I1
+U2
rmI1-CCVS
αI1CCCS
-I1
I2+
+U1-
+U2
µU1-VCVS
+U1-

图2.3.1
4.受控源的控制端与受控端的关系式称为转移函数。四种受控源的转移函数参量的定义如下：
(1压控电压源(VCVS：U2＝f(U1，μ＝U2/U1称为转移电压比（或电压增益）。(2压控电流源(VCCS：I2＝f(U1，gm＝I2/U1称为转移电导。(3流控电压源(CCVS：U2＝f(I1，rm＝U2/I1称为转移电阻。
(4流控电流源(CCCS：I2＝f(I1，α＝I2/I1称为转移电流比（或电流增益）。
三、实验设备序号123
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
名称
可调直流稳压源可调恒流源直流数字电压表

型号与规格0～30V0～500mA0～200V
-11-
数量111
备注DG04DG04D31
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
456
直流数字毫安表可变电阻箱受控源实验电路板
0～200mA0～99999.9Ω

111
D31DG09DG04或DG06
四、实验内容
1.测量受控源VCVS的转移特性U2＝f(U1及负载特性U2＝f(IL，实验线路如图2.3.2。
VCVS+U1-µU1
mA
IL
+U2-RL
VCCS+U1-gmU1
mA
IL+U2-
RL

图2.3.2图2.3.3记入下表。U1（V）U2（V）
0
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
μ
(1不接电流表，固定RL＝2KΩ，调节稳压电源输出电压U1，测量U1及相应的U2值，
在方格纸上绘出电压转移特性曲线U2＝f(U1，并在其线性部分求出转移电压比μ。(2接入电流表，保持U1＝2V，调节RL可变电阻箱的阻值，测U2及IL，绘制负载特性曲线U2＝f(IL。RL（Ω）U2（v）IL（mA）
50
70
100
200
300
400
500
∞
2.测量受控源VCCS的转移特性IL＝f(U1及负载特性IL＝f(U2，实验线路如图2.3.3。(1固定RL＝2KΩ，调节稳压电源的输出电压U1，测出相应的IL值，绘制IL＝f(U1曲线，并由其线性部分求出转移电导gm。U1（V）IL（mA）
0.1
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.0
gm
(2保持U1＝2V，令RL从大到小变化，测出相应的IL及U2，绘制IL＝f(U2曲线。RL（KΩ）IL（mA）U2（v）
5
4
2
1
0．50．40．30．20．1





0
3.测量受控源CCVS的转移特性U2＝f(I1与负载特性U2＝f(IL，实验线路如图2.3.4。(1固定RL＝2KΩ，调节恒流源的输出电流Is，按下表所列Is值，测出U2，绘制U2＝f(I1曲线，并由其线性部分求出转移电阻rm。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
I1（mA）U2（v）
0.1

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

9.5

rm
(2保持Is＝2mA，按下表所列RL值，测出U2及IL，绘制负载特性曲线U2＝f(IL。RL（KΩ）U2（v）IL（mA）

0.5
1
2
4
6
8
10
4.测量受控源CCCS的转移特性IL＝f(I1及负载特性IL＝f(U2，实验线路如图2.3.5。
CCVS
I1
mA1
mA2
CCCS
IL
+
RL-
I1
mA1mA2
IL+
RL-
IS
rmI1
U2IS
αI1
U2
图2.3.4图2.3.5
(1参见3(1测出IL，绘制IL＝f(I1曲线，并由其线性部分求出转移电流比α。I1（mA）
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.2
α

IL（mA）
(2保持Is＝1mA，令RL为下表所列值，测出IL，绘制IL＝f(U2曲线。RL（KΩ）IL（mA）U2（v）五、实验注意事项
1.每次组装线路，必须事先断开供电电源，但不必关闭电源总开关。2.用恒流源供电的实验中，不要使恒流源的负载开路。六、预习思考题
1.受控源和独立源相比有何异同点？比较四种受控源的代号、电路模型、控制量与被控量的关系如何？
2.四种受控源中的rm、gm、α和μ的意义是什么？如何测得？3.若受控源控制量的极性反向，试问其输出极性是否发生变化？4.受控源的控制特性是否适合于交流信号？
5.如何由两个基本的CCVS和VCCS获得其它两个CCCS和VCVS，它们的输入输出如何连接？七、实验报告
1.根据实验数据，在方格纸上分别绘出四种受控源的转移特性和负载特性曲线，并求
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmost
hope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
0
0．20．40．60．8




1
2
5
10
20
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-13-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
出相应的转移参量。
2.对预习思考题作必要的回答。
3.对实验的结果作出合理的分析和结论，总结对四种受控源的认识和理解。
4.心得体会及其它。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验四、戴维南定理
一、实验目的
1.验证戴维宁定理的正确性，加深对该定理的理解。2.掌握测量有源二端网络等效参数的一般方法。
3.学习自行设计实验电路、自行安排实验步骤，能够对实验数据进行分析。
二、实验原理
1.任何一个线性含源网络，如果仅研究其中一条支路的电压和电流，则可将电路的其余部分看作是一个有源二端网络（或称为含源一端口网络）。
戴维南定理指出：任何一个线性有源网络，总可以用一个电压源与一个电阻的串联来等效代替，此电压源的电动势Us等于这个有源二端网络的开路电压Uoc，其等效内阻R0等于该网络中所有独立源均置零（理想电压源视为短接，理想电流源视为开路）时的等效电阻。
诺顿定理指出：任何一个线性有源网络，总可以用一个电流源与一个电阻的并联组合来等效代替，此电流源的电流Is等于这个有源二端网络的短路电流ISC，其等效内阻R0定义同戴维南定理。
Uoc（Us）和R0或者ISC（IS）和R0称为有源二端网络的等效参数。2.有源二端网络等效参数的测量方法(1开路电压、短路电流法测R0
在有源二端网络输出端开路时，用电压表直接测UocU其输出端的开路电压Uoc，然后再将其输出端短路，
用电流表测其短路电流Isc，则等效内阻为ΔUφB
UOC
R0ΔIISC
O
如果二端网络的内阻很小，若将其输出端口短路图2.4.1则易损坏其内部元件，因此不宜用此法。(2伏安法测R0
用电压表、电流表测出有源二端网络的外特性曲线，如图2.4.1所示。根据外特性曲线求出斜率tgφ，则内阻
A
IIsc
UUOCR0tan
IISC
UOCUN
R0
IN
再测量电流为额定值IN时的输出

端电压值UN，则内阻为


被测R0有源US网络
RL
Uoc/2
V
也可以先测量开路电压Uoc，图2.4.2
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-15-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin

(3半电压法测R0
如图2.4.2所示，当负载电压为被测网络开路电压的一半时，负载电阻（由电阻箱的读数
确定）即为被测有源二端网络的等效内阻值。
(4零示法测UOC图2.4.3
在测量具有高内阻有源二端网络的开路电压时，用电压表直接测量会造成较大的误差。
被测有源网络
V
R0US
U
稳压电源
为了消除电压表内阻的影响，往往采用零示测量法，如图2.4.3所示.。
零示法测量原理是用一低内阻的稳压电源与被测有源二端网络进行比较，当稳压电源的输出电压与有源二端网络的开路电压相等时，电压表的读数将为“0”。然后将电路断开，测量此时稳压电源的输出电压，即为被测有源二端网络的开路电压。
三、实验设备
序号12345678
名称
可调直流稳压电源可调直流恒流源直流数字电压表直流数字毫安表万用表可调电阻箱电位器
戴维南定理实验电路板
型号与规格0～30V0～500mA0～200V0～200mA
0～99999.9Ω1K/2W
数量11111111
备注DG04DG04D31D31自备DG09DG09DG05
四、实验内容
被测有源二端网络如图2.4.4。
R1=330Ω
IS
R3=510Ω10mA
R2=510Ω
R4=10Ω
-
US12V

图2.4.4
+
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
1.测量图2.4.4有源二端网络的等效参数
要求：根据理论课所学知识及指导书实验原理部分，自行设计实验方案，自行设计实验步骤，自行设计实验表格，说明实验过程，计算理论值并与实验测量值进行比较。（最少设计两种方法，多者不限）
2.验证戴维南定理
要求：利用实验内容1中测得的实验数据，设计一种方法验证戴维南定理，自行设计实验方案，自行设计实验步骤，自行设计实验表格，说明实验过程。
3.有源二端网络等效内阻（又称入端电阻）的直接测量法
将被测有源二端网络内的所有独立源置零（将电流源I去掉，也去掉电压源，并在原电压端所接的两点用一根短路导线相连），然后用伏安法或者直接用万用表的欧姆档测定负载RL开路后A、B两点间的电阻，此即为被测网络的等效内阻R0或称网络的入端电阻Ri。
五、实验思考题
1.在求戴维南或诺顿等效电路时，作短路试验，测ISC的条件是什么？在本实验中可否直接作负载短路实验？请实验前对线路2.4.4预先作好计算，以便调整实验线路及测量时可准确地选取电表的量程。
2.说明测有源二端网络开路电压及等效内阻的几种方法，并比较其优缺点。六、实验注意事项
1.注意测量时，电流表量程的更换。2.步骤3中，电源置零时不可将稳压源短接。
3.用万用表直接测R时，网络内的独立源必须先置零，以免损坏万用表，其次，欧姆档必须经调零后再进行测量。4.改接线路时，要关掉电源。七、实验报告要求
1.根据步骤1和2分别绘出曲线，验证戴维宁定理的正确性，并分析产生误差的原因。
2.归纳、总结实验结论。3.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-17-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
实验五、RC一阶电路的响应测试
一、实验目的
1.测定RC一阶电路的零输入响应、零状态响应及完全响应。2.学习电路时间常数的测量方法。3.掌握有关微分电路和积分电路的概念。
4.进一步学会用示波器观测波形。二、实验原理
1.动态网络的过渡过程是十分短暂的单次变化过程。要用普通示波器观察过渡过程和测量有关的参数，就必须使这种单次变化的过程重复出现。为此，我们利用信号发生器输出的方波来模拟阶跃激励信号，即利用方波输出的上升沿作为零状态响应的正阶跃激励信号；利用方波的下降沿作为零输入响应的负阶跃激励信号。只要选择方波的重复周期远大于电路的时间常数τ，那么电路在这样的方波序列脉冲信号的激励下，它的响应就和直流电接通与断开的过渡过程是基本相同的。
2.图2.5.1（b）所示的RC一阶电路的零输入响应和零状态响应分别按指数规律衰减和增长，其变化的快慢决定于电路的时间常数τ。3.时间常数τ的测定方法:
用示波器测量零输入响应的波形如图2.5.1(a所示。根据一阶微分方程的求解得知uc＝Ume
-t/RC
＝Ume
-t/τ
。当t＝τ时，Uc(τ＝0.368Um。
此时所对应的时间就等于τ。亦可用零状态响应波形增加到0.632Um所对应的时间测得，如图2.5.1(c所示。
UmUm00
ccR
UmUm
0.632+
cC
0.36800
ττ
a零输入响应(bRC一阶电路(c零状态响应
图2.5.1
4.微分电路和积分电路是RC一阶电路中较典型的电路，它对电路元件参数和输入信号的周期有着特定的要求。一个简单的RC串联电路，在方波序列脉冲的重复激励下，当
u
u
t
t
u
u
t
u
u
t
满足τ＝RC<<
T
时（T为方波脉冲的重复周期），且由R两端的电压作为响应输出，则该2
电路就是一个微分电路。因为此时电路的输出信号电压与输入信号电压的微分成正比。如图2.5.2(a所示。利用微分电路可以将方波转变成尖脉冲。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationiC
沈阳建筑大学信息学院
R

ui
T
R<c
R
uR
ui
R>>T/2c
C
uc
(a微分电路(b积分电路
图2.5.2
若将图2.5.2(a中的R与C位置调换一下，如图2.4.2(b所示，由C两端的电压作为响应输出，且当电路的参数满足τ＝RC>>
T
，则该RC电路称为积分电路。因为此时电路的2
输出信号电压与输入信号电压的积分成正比。利用积分电路可以将方波转变成三角波。从输入输出波形来看，上述两个电路均起着波形变换的作用，请在实验过程仔细观察与记录。三、实验设备
序号123
四、实验内容
实验线路板的器件组件，如图2.5.3所示，请认清R、C元件的布局及其标称值，各开关的通断位置等。

名称函数信号发生器双踪示波器动态电路实验板

型号与规格
数量111
备注DG03自备DG07
0.01µ
1000P
30K
10K
10K4.7mH10mH
100
6800P
1000P
0.01µ

0.1µ
图2.5.3

1.从电路板上选R＝10KΩ，C＝6800pF组成如图2.5.1(b所示的RC充放电电路。ui为脉冲信号发生器输出的Um＝3V、f＝1KHz的方波电压信号，并通过两根同轴电缆线，将
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-19-
0.1µ

10K
1M
1K

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
激励源ui和响应uC的信号分别连至示波器的两个输入口YA和YB。这时可在示波器的屏幕上观察到激励与响应的变化规律，请测算出时间常数τ，并用方格纸按1:1的比例描绘波形。少量地改变电容值或电阻值，定性地观察对响应的影响，记录观察到的现象。2.令R＝10KΩ，C＝0.1μF，观察并描绘响应的波形，继续增大C之值，定性地观察对响应的影响。
3.令C＝0.01μF，R＝100Ω，组成如图2.5.2(a所示的微分电路。在同样的方波激励信号（Um＝3V，f＝1KHz）作用下，观测并描绘激励与响应的波形。
增减R之值，定性地观察对响应的影响，并作记录。当R增至1MΩ时，输入输出波形有何本质上的区别？
4.方波脉冲信号的观察和测定
(1将电缆插头换接在脉冲信号的输出插口上，选择方波信号输出。(2调节方波的输出幅度为3.0VP－（用示波器测定），分别观测100Hz，3KHz和30KHzP方波信号的波形参数。
(3使信号频率保持在3KHz，选择不同的幅度及脉宽，观测波形参数的变化。五、实验思考题
1.什么样的电信号可作为RC一阶电路零输入响应、零状态响应和完全响应的激励源？
2.已知RC一阶电路R＝10KΩ，C＝0.1μF，试计算时间常数τ，并根据τ值的物理意义，拟定测量τ的方案。
3.何谓积分电路和微分电路，它们必须具备什么条件？它们在方波序列脉冲的激励下，其输出信号波形的变化规律如何？这两种电路有何功用？六、实验注意事项
1.调节电子仪器各旋钮时，动作不要过快、过猛。实验前，需熟读双踪示波器的使用说明书。观察双踪时，要特别注意相应开关、旋钮的操作与调节。
2.信号源的接地端与示波器的接地端要连在一起（称共地），以防外界干扰而影响测量的准确性。
3.示波器的辉度不应过亮，尤其是光点长期停留在荧光屏上不动时，应将辉度调暗，以延长示波管的使用寿命。七、实验报告要求
1.根据实验观测结果，在方格纸上绘出RC一阶电路充放电时化曲线，由曲线测得τ值，并与参数值的计算结果作比较，分析误差原因。
2.根据实验观测结果，归纳、总结积分电路和微分电路的形成条件，阐明波形变换的特征。
3.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesofuC
的变

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验六、正弦稳态交流电路相量的研究
一、实验目的
1.验证单相交流电路中的电源、电压和功率关系的理论。2.研究正弦稳态交流电路中电压、电流向量之间的关系。3.了解用电容改善功率因数的方法和意义。4.了解日光灯电路的组成，工作原理和安装方法。.
二、实验原理
1.在单相正弦交流电路中，用交流电流表测得各支路的电流值，用交流电压表测得回路各元件两端的电压值，它们之间的关系满足相量形式的基尔霍夫定律，即ΣI＝0和ΣU＝0。
2.图2.6.1所示的RC串联电路，在正弦稳态信号U的激励下，UR与UC保持有90º的相位差，即当R阻值改变时，UR的相量轨迹是一个半园。U、UC与UR三者形成一个直角形的电压三角形，如图2.6.2所示。R值改变时，可改变φ角的大小，从而达到移相的目的。
I
IU
R-jXC
URUC
URφ
U
UC


图2.6.1图2.6.23.日光灯电路由荧光灯管、镇流器和启辉器三者组成，灯管为电阻性负载，用R表示，镇流器为感性负载，但也有一定的电阻r，其电路图可用图2.6.3
U220V
C
镇流器
S
灯管
启辉器

图2.6.3
日光灯主要由灯管，镇流器和启辉器组成。灯管是一根内壁均匀涂有荧光物质的细长玻璃管，管的两端装有灯丝电极，灯丝上涂有受热后易于发射电子的氧化物，管内充有稀薄的
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-21-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
惰性气体和水银蒸气。镇流器为一带有铁芯的电感线圈。启辉器由一个辉光管和一个小容量的电容器组成，它们装在一个圆柱形的外壳内。
当接通电源时，由于日光灯没有点亮，电源电压全部加在启辉器辉光管的两个电极间使辉光管放电，放电产生的热量使倒U形电极受热趋于伸直，两电极接触，这时日光灯的灯丝通过此电极以及镇流器和电源构成一个回路，灯丝因有电流（称为启动电流或预热电流）通过而发热，从而使氧化物发射电子。同时，辉光管的两个电极接通时，电极间电压为零，辉光管放电停止，倒U形电极因温度下降而复原，两电极脱开，回路中的电流突然被切断，于是在镇流器两端产生一个比电源电压高得多的感应电压。这个感应电压连同电源电压一起加在灯管两端，使管内的惰性气体电离而产生弧光放电。随着管内温度的逐渐升高，水银蒸气游离并猛烈地碰撞惰性气体分子而放电。水银蒸气弧光放电时，辐射出不可见的紫外线，紫外线激发灯管内壁的荧光粉后发出可见光。
日光灯电路为感性负载，其功率因数很低，一般在0.3-0.4左右。因此为提高电源的利用率和减少供电线路的损耗，必须进行无功补偿，以提高线路的功率因数。
提高功率因数的方法，除改善负载本身的工作状态、设计合理外，由于工业负载基本都是感性负载，因此常用的方法是在负载两端并联电容器组，补偿无功功率，以提高线路的功率因数。三、实验设备序号名称型号与规格数量备注
1交流电压表0～450V1D33

2交流电流表０～5A1D32

3功率表1D34

4自耦调压器1DG01
5镇流器、启辉器与40W灯管配用各1DG09
6日光灯灯管40W1屏内
7电容器1μF,2.2μF,4.7μF/500V各1DG09
8白炽灯及灯座220V，15W1~3DG08
9电流插座3DG09
四、实验内容
经指导教师检查后，接通实验台电源，将自耦调压器输出(即U调至220V。记录U、UR、UC值，验证电压三角形关系。
测量值
计算值
U’（与UR，UC组成Rt△）△U=U’－U（U’=URUC）

2
2
1.按图2.6.1接线。R为220V、15W的白炽灯泡，电容器为4.7μF/450V。
U（V）UR（V）UC（V）



△U/U（%）
（V）
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
2.日光灯线路接线与测量。
*
W
*
A
i
uLr,L
uAA
S
220V
V

图2.6.4
按图2.6.4接线。经指导教师检查后接通实验台电源，调节自耦调压器的输出，使其输出电压缓慢增大，直到日光灯刚启辉点亮为止，记下三表的指示值。然后将电压调至220V，测量功率P，电流I，电压U，UL，UA等值，验证电压、电流相量关系。

测量数值
启辉值正常工作值
P(W
Cosφ
I(A
U(VUL(VUA(V


3.并联电路──电路功率因数的改善。按图2.6.5组成实验线路。
A
*
W
*
i
iC
iL
L
220V
uAA
V
S
C1
C2
C3

图2.6.5
经指导老师检查后，接通实验台电源，将自耦调压器的输出调至220V，记录功率表、电压表读数。通过一只电流表和三个电流插座分别测得三条支路的电流，改变电容值，进行三次重复测量。数据记入表中。
电容值(μF012.24.7

测量数值
P(W
COSφ
U(V
-23-
I（A）

IL(A
IC(A
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
五、实验思考题
1.简述日光灯的工作原理。
2.在日常生活中，当日光灯上缺少了启辉器时，人们常用一根导线将启辉器的两端短接一下，然后迅速断开，使日光灯点亮（DG09实验挂箱上有短接按钮，可用它代替启辉器做一下试验。）或用一只启辉器去点亮多只同类型的日光灯，这是为什么？
3.为了改善电路的功率因数，常在感性负载上并联电容器，此时增加了一条电流支路，试问电路的总电流是增大还是减小，此时感性元件上的电流和功率是否改变？4.提高线路功率因数为什么只采用并联电容器法，而不用串联法？所并的电容器是否越大越好？
六、实验注意事项
1.本实验用交流市电220V，务必注意用电和人身安全。
2.功率表要正确接入电路。
3.线路接线正确，日光灯不能启辉时，应检查启辉器及其接触是否良好。七、实验报告要求
1.完成数据表格中的计算，进行必要的误差分析。
2.根据实验数据，分别绘出电压、电流相量图，验证相量形式的基尔霍夫定律。3.讨论改善电路功率因数的意义和方法。4.装接日光灯线路的心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验七、三相交流电路电压、电流、功率的测量
一、实验目的
1.掌握三相负载作星形联接、三角形联接的方法，验证这两种接法下线、相电压及线、相电流之间的关系。
2.充分理解三相四线供电系统中中线的作用。3.掌握用一瓦特表法测量三相电路有功功率的方法二、实验原理
1.三相负载可接成星形（又称“Ｙ”接）或三角形(又称"△"接。当三相对称负载作Y形联接时，线电压UL是相电压Up的3倍。线电流IL等于相电流Ip，即UL＝3UP，IL＝Ip
在这种情况下，流过中线的电流I0＝0，所以可以省去中线。当对称三相负载作△形联接时，有IL＝3Ip，UL＝Up。
2.不对称三相负载作Y联接时,必须采用三相四线制接法，即Yo接法。而且中线必须牢固联接，以保证三相不对称负载的每相电压维持对称不变。
倘若中线断开，会导致三相负载电压的不对称，致使负载轻的那一相的相电压过高，使负载遭受损坏；负载重的一相相电压又过低，使负载不能正常工作。尤其是对于三相照明负载，无条件地一律采用Y0接法。
3.当不对称负载作△接时，IL≠3Ip，但只要电源的线电压UL对称，加在三相负载上的电压仍是对称的，对各相负载工作没有影响。
4．对于三相四线制供电的三相星形联接的负载（即Yo接法），可用一只功率表测量各相的有功功率PA、PB、PC，则三相负载的总有功功率ΣP＝PA＋PB＋PC。这就是一瓦特表法，如图2.7.1所示。若三相负载是对称的，则只需测量一相的功率，再乘以3即得三相总的有功功率。
U
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W
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ZA
N
O
ZC
BC

VW
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*
W*
图2.7.1
ZB

onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-25-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
三、实验设备
序号名称123456
四、实验内容
1.三相负载星形联接（三相四线制供电）
按图2.7.2线路组接实验电路。即三相灯组负载经三相自耦调压器接通三相对称电源。将三相调压器的旋柄置于输出为0V的位置（即逆时针旋到底）。经指导教师检查合格后，方可开启实验台电源，然后调节调压器的输出，使输出的三相线电压为220V，并按下述内容完成各项实验，分别测量三相负载的线电压、相电压、线电流、相电流、中线电流、电源与负载中点间的电压。将所测得的数据记入表2.7.1中，并观察各相灯组亮暗的变化程度，特别要注意观察中线的作用。
QS
U380VV380VW
C
IC
FU
B
IB
A
IA
型号与规格0～500V0～5A
220V，15W白炽灯

数量111193
备注D33D32自备DG01DG08DG09
交流电压表交流电流表万用表三相自耦调压器三相灯组负载电门插座
N
I0
图2.7.2

onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
表2.7.1测量数据实验内容（负载情况）Y0接平衡负载Y接平衡负载Y0接不平衡负载Y接不平衡负载
开灯盏数
线电流（A）
IB
IC
中线
电流
UABUBCUCAUA0UB0UC0I0
(A线电压（V）
相电压（V）







中点电压UN0(V
ABC
IA
相相相3311
3322
3333333

Y0接B相断开1Y接B相断开1Y接B相短路1
2.负载三角形联接（三相三线制供电）
按图2.7.3改接线路，经指导教师检查合格后接通三相电源，并调节调压器，使其
输出线电压为220V，并按表2.7.2的内容进行测试。
QS
U380VV380VW
FU
图2.7.3
表2.7.2
测量数据
负载情况三相平衡三相不平衡
A-B相
B-C相
C-A相
开灯盏数线电压=相电压（V）线电流（A）相电流（A）
UABUBCUCAIA



IB
IC
IABIBCICA


31
32
33

3用一瓦特表法测定三相对称Y0接以及不对称Y0接负载的总功率ΣP。实验按图2.7.4
线路接线。线路中的电流表和电压表用以监视该相的电流和电压，不要超过功率表电压和电流的量程。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-27-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
QS
U380VV380VW
FU
ABC
A
w
V
N
三相Y0接负载

图2.7.4
经指导教师检查后，接通三相电源，调节调压器输出，使输出线电压为220V，按表2.7.3的要求进行测量及计算。
表2.7.3
开灯盏数
负载情况
A相31
B相32
C相33
测量数据
PAPBPC（W）（W）（W）


计算值ΣP
（W）
Y0接对称负载Y0接不对称负载

五、实验思考题
1.三相负载根据什么条件作星形或三角形连接？
2.复习三相交流电路有关内容，试分析三相星形联接不对称负载在无中线情况下，当某相负载开路或短路时会出现什么情况？如果接上中线，情况又如何？
3.本次实验中为什么要通过三相调压器将380V的市电线电压降为220V的线电压使用？
六、实验注意事项
1.本实验采用三相交流市电，线电压为380V，应穿绝缘鞋进实验室。实验时要注意人身安全，不可触及导电部件，防止意外事故发生。
2.每次接线完毕，同组同学应自查一遍，然后由指导教师检查后，方可接通电源，必须严格遵守先断电、再接线、后通电；先断电、后拆线的实验操作原则。3.星形负载作短路实验时，必须首先断开中线，以免发生短路事故。七、实验报告要求
1.用实验测得的数据验证对称三相电路中的3关系。
2.用实验数据和观察到的现象，总结三相四线供电系统中中线的作用。3.不对称三角形联接的负载，能否正常工作？实验是否能证明这一点？
4.根据不对称负载三角形联接时的相电流值作相量图，并求出线电流值，然后与实验测得的线电流作比较，分析之。
5.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验八、二端口网络测试
一、实验目的
1.加深理解二端口网络的基本理论。
2.掌握直流二端口网络传输参数的测量技术。.3.加深对最大功率传输定理的理解与推导。二、实验原理
对于任何一个线性网络，我们所关心的往往只是输入端口和输出端口电压和电流间的相互关系，通过实验测定方法求取一个极其简单的等值双口电路来替代原网络，此即为“黑盒理论”的基本内容。
1.一个双口网络两端口的电压和电流四个变量之间的关系，可以用多种形式的参数方程来表示。本实验采用输出口的电压U2和电流I2作为自变量，以输入口的电压U1和电流I1作为应变量，所得的方程称为双口网络的传输方程，如图2.8.1所示的无源线性双口网络（又称为四端网络）的传输方程为

图2.8.1
U1=AU2+BI2I1=CU2+DI2
式中的A、B、C、D为双口网络的传输参数，其值完全决定于网络拓扑结构及各支路元件的参数值，这四个参数表征了该双口网络的基本特性，它们的含义是
A
U10
(令I2=0，即输出口开路时U20
U1S
(令U2=0，即输出口短路时I2S
I10
(令I2=0，即输出口开路时U20
I1S
(令U2=0，即输出口短路时I2S
B
C
D
由上可知，只要在网络的输入口加上电压，在两个端口同时测量其电压和电流，即可求出A、B、C、D四个参数，此即为双端口同时测量法。
2、若要测量一条远距离输电线构成的双口网络，采用同时测量法就很不方便，这时可采用分别测量法，即先在输入口加电压，而将输出口开路和短路，在输入口测量电压和电流，由传输方程可得：
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-29-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
R10
U10A
（令I2=0，即输出口开路时）I10C
U1SB
（令U2=0，即输出口短路时）I1SD
R1S
然后在输出口加电压测量，而将输入口开路和短路，此时可得R20
U20D
（令I1=0，即输入口开路时）I20C
U2SB
（令U1=0，即输入口短路时）I2SA
R2S
R10，R1S，R2O，R2S分别表示一个端口开路和短路时另一端口等效输入电阻，这四个参数
中有三个是独立的：
R10R1SA即AD-BC=1R20R2SD
至此，可求出四个传输参数A
R10/(R20R2S,BR2SA,CA/R10,DR20C
3.在戴维宁定理和正弦稳态电路分析中均讨论了最大有功功率传输问题。所讨论的问题一般都是针对已知的含独立源线性网络，通过改变负载来获得最大有功功率传输的条件。然而，在实际工程应用中，经常会遇到电源和负载一定，将如何获得最大有功功率传输？本实验项目讨论在单一正弦电源供电和负载均不变的情况下，如何设计一个无损LC匹配网络来实现最大功率传输，并给出最大功率传输条件的证明。三、实验设备
序号1234
四、实验内容
二端口网络实验线路如图2.8.2所示。将直流稳压电源的输出电压调到10V，作为二端口网络的输入。

名称
可调直流稳压电源数字直流电压表数字直流毫安表二端口网络实验电路板

型号与规格0～30V0～200V0～200mA
数量1111
备注DG04D31D31DG05
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院

图2.8.2
1.按同时测量法分别测定两个二端口网络的传输参数A1、B1、C1、D1和A2、B2、C2、D2，并列出它们的传输方程。二端口网络I二端口网络II
输出端短路U12=0
输出端开路I22=0输出端短路U22=0
输出端开路I12=0

测量值
U11O（V）U12O（V）I11O（mA）


计算值A1C1
B1D1
U11S（V）I11S（mA）I12S（mA）

测量值
U21O（V）U22O（V）I21O（mA）



计算值A2C2
B2D2
U21S（V）I21S（mA）I22S（mA）



2.将两个二端口网络级联，即将网络I的输出接至网络II的输入。用两端口分别测量法测量级联后等效二端口网络的传输参数A、B、C、D，并验证等效二端口网络传输参数与级联的两个二端口网络传输参数之间的关系。
输出端开路I2=0U1O
（V）
I1OR1O（mA）（KΩ）


输入端开路I1=0U2O（V）
I2OR2O（mA）（KΩ）


输出端短路U2=0U1S（V）
IISRIS（mA）（KΩ）


输入端短路U1=0U2S（V）

计算传输参数
A=B=C=I2SR2S
（mA）（KΩ）D=



onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-31-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
3.设计性内容
1）、研究一个含有正弦电源的网络，且电源及内阻抗和负载阻抗均不变，自行设计一个无损的网络实现最佳匹配，使得负载获得最大功率；2）、推导获得在该电路情况下负载获得最大功率的条件；3）、自行设计实验步骤；
4）、组建实验电路，测试结果，整理数据，验证理论推导的正确性。五、实验思考题
1.试述双口网络同时测量法与分别测量法的测量步骤，优缺点及其适用情况。2.本实验方法可否用于交流双口网络的测定？
六、实验注意事项
1.用电流插头插座测量电流时，要注意判别电流表的极性及选取适合的量程（根据所给的电路参数，估算电流表量程）。
2．两个双口网络级联时，应将一个双口网络I的输出端与另一双口网络级联II的输入端联接。
七、实验报告要求
1.完成对数据表格的测量和计算任务。2.列写参数方程。
3.验证级联后等效双口网络的传输参数与级联的两个双口网络传输参数之间的关系。4.总结、归纳双口网络的测试技术。5.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
第三部分计算机仿真实验第一章计算机仿真实验软件
3.1.1multisim8简介
Multisim8是一个完整的设计工具系统，提供了一个非常大的元件数据库，并提供原理图输入接口、全部的数模Spice仿真功能、VHDL|Verilog设计接口与仿真功能、FPGA|CPLD综合、RF设计能力和后处理功能，还可以进行从原理图到PCB布线工具包（如：ElectronicsWorkbench的Ultiboard2001）的无缝隙数据传输。它提供的单一易用的图形输入接口可以满足您的设计需求。
Multisim8的虚拟测试仪器仪表种类齐全，有一般实验用的通用仪器，如万用表、函数信号发生器、双踪示波器、直流电源；而且还有一般实验室少有或没有的仪器，如波特图仪、字信号发生器、逻辑分析仪、逻辑转换器、失真仪、频谱分析仪和网络分析仪等。
Multisim8具有较为详细的电路分析功能，可以完成电路的瞬态分析和稳态分析、时域和频域分析、器件的线性和非线性分析、电路的噪声分析和失真分析、离散傅里叶分析、电路零极点分析、交直流灵敏度分析等电路分析方法，以帮助设计人员分析电路的性能。
Multisim8可以设计、测试和演示各种电子电路，包括电工学、模拟电路、数字、电路、射频电路及微控制器和接口电路等。可以对被仿真的电路中的元器件设置各种故障，如开路、短路和不同程度的漏电等，从而观察不同故障情况下的电路工作状况。在进行仿真的同时，软件还可以存储测试点的所有数据，列出被仿真电路的所有元器件清单，以及存储测试仪器的工作状态、显示波形和具体数据等。
Multisim8有丰富的Help功能，其Help系统不仅包括软件本身的操作指南，更重要的是包含有元器件的功能解说，Help中这种元器件功能解说有利于使用EWB进行CAI教学。另外，Multisim8还提供了与国内外流行的印刷电路板设计自动化软件Protel及电路仿真软件PSpice之间的文件接口，也能通过Windows的剪贴板把电路图送往文字处理系统中进行编辑排版。支持VHDL和VerilogHDL语言的电路仿真与设计。
利用Multisim8可以实现计算机仿真设计与虚拟实验，与传统的电子电路设计与实验方法相比，具有如下特点：设计与实验可以同步进行，可以边设计边实验，修改调试方便；设计和实验用的元器件及测试仪器仪表齐全，可以完成各种类型的电路设计与实验；可方便地对电路参数进行测试和分析；可直接打印输出实验数据、测试参数、曲线和电路原理图；实验中不消耗实际的元器件，实验所需元器件的种类和数量不受限制，实验成本低，实验速度快，效率高；设计和实验成功的电路可以直接在产品中使用。
Multisim8易学易用，便于电子信息、通信工程、自动化、电气控制类专业学生自学、便于开展综合性的设计和实验，有利于培养综合分析能力、开发和创新的能力

3.1.2multisim8主要组成启动multisim8，出现如图3.1.1所示的标准工作界面。从图3.1.1可以看出，multisim的主窗口如同一个实际的电子实验台。屏幕中央区域最大的窗口就是电路工作
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-33-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
区，在电路工作区上可将各种电子元器件和测试仪器仪表连接成实验电路。电路工作窗口上方是菜单栏、工具栏。从菜单栏可以选择电路连接、实验所需的各种命令。工具栏包含了常用的操作命令按钮。通过鼠标器操作即可方便地使用各种命令和实验设备。电路工作窗口两边是元器件栏和仪器仪表栏。元器件栏存放着各种电子元器件，仪器仪表栏存放着各种测试仪器仪表，用鼠标操作可以很方便地从元器件和仪器库中，提取实验所需的各种元器件及仪器、仪表到电路工作窗口并连接成实验电路。按下电路工作窗口的上方的“启动／停止”开关或“暂停／恢复”按钮可以方便地控制实验的进程。

菜单栏
设计工具栏
仿真开关
仪表列
元件工具栏
电路窗口
。
图3.1.1
【注】与所有的Windows应用程序类似,可在菜单（Menus）中找到所有功能的命令。
元件工具栏（componenttoolbar）包含元件箱按钮（PartsBin）,单击它可以打开元件族工具栏（此工具栏中包含每一元件族中所含的元件按钮，以元件符号区分）。绿色的是虚拟元件，是可以随意改变参数的。黑色元件是有封装的真实元件，参数是确定的，不可以改变。
3.1.3multisim8基本界面
multisim8基本界面的基本界面如图3.1.1所示，下面简单介绍其中重要部分。
1.multisim菜单栏


1.File（文件）菜单
File（文件）菜单提供19个文件操作命令，如打开、保存和打印等。2.Edit（编辑）菜单
Edit（编辑）菜单在电路绘制过程中，提供对电路和元件进行剪切、粘贴、旋转等操作命令，共21个命令。3.View（窗口显示）菜单
View（窗口显示）菜单提供19个用于控制仿真界面上显示的内容的操作命令，
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
4.Place（放置）菜单
Place（放置）菜单提供在电路工作窗口内放置元件、连接点、总线和文字等17个
命令
6.Simulate（仿真）菜单
Simulate（仿真）菜单提供18个电路仿真设置与操作命令7.Transfer（文件输出）菜单
Transfer（文件输出）菜单提供8个传输命令8.Tools（工具）菜单
Tools（工具）菜单提供17个元件和电路编辑或管理命令9.Reports（报告）菜单
Reports（报告）菜单提供材料清单等6个报告命令10.Option（选项）菜单
Option（选项）菜单提供5个电路界面和电路某些功能的设定命令11.Windows（窗口）菜单
Windows（窗口）菜单提供9个窗口操作命令12.Help（帮助）菜单
Help（帮助）菜单为用户提供在线技术帮助和使用指导2.multisim工具栏


新建：清除电路工作区，准备生成新电路。打开：打开电路文件。存盘：保存电路文件。打印：打印电路文件。剪切：剪切至剪贴板。复制：复制至剪贴板。粘贴:从剪贴板粘贴。旋转:旋转元器件。
全屏：电路工作区全屏。
放大：将电路图放大一定比例。缩小：将电路图缩小一定比例。放大面积：放大电路工作区面积。适当放大：放大到适合的页面。文件列表：显示电路文件列表。电子表：显示电子数据表。
数据库管理：元器件数据库管理。元件编辑器：
图形编辑/分析：图形编辑器和电路分析方法选择。后处理器：对仿真结果进一步操作。电气规则校验：校验电气规则。区域选择：选择电路工作区区域。

onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-35-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
第二章multisim8的基本操作
3.2.1电路的输入与运行
实验电路的输入与运行包括以下几个步骤：放置元器件、对元器件进行赋值、设置元器件标号、调整器件在电路工作区的位置和方向、连接电路、放置测试仪器和运行电路开始仿真分析。若打开测试仪器窗口可观察仿真结果，也可以利用multisim8提供的各种分析工具对电路进行分析，或打开图标，观察仿真结果。
1.放置元器件
单击元器件库，在库中选择所需元件，用鼠标将该元件拖至工作区。2.对元件进行赋值和设置器件标号用鼠标双击元件，出现该元件属性对话框，在对话框中可以对元件进行赋值和设置标号等操作。
3.调整元件在电路工作区的位置和方向
可以根据需要适当调整元器件的位置和方向，以使工作区内的电路图更整齐。用鼠标单击元件，拖动鼠标，可以调整元件的位置。单击元件后，工具栏下的旋转、水平翻转和垂直翻转工具被激活，这时单击其中一项命令可以调整元件的方向。如果元件已经连接在电路中，调整元件位置和方向时，连接线不会断开，它会随元件一起移动。4.连接电路
将鼠标指向一个元件的连接点时，在链接点处会出现一个小黑点，按住鼠标左键，移动鼠标，使光标指向另一个元件的连接点，在该连接点处出现另一个小黑点，放开鼠标，这两个元件对应的连接点就会连接在一起。当光标指向连接线时，按住鼠标左键，移动鼠标，可以调整连接线的位置。当光标指向连接线的一个端点，出现一个黑点，按住鼠标左键，移动鼠标，可以删除该连接线。5.放置并连接测试仪器单击仪器库，在库中选择所需的仪器，用鼠标将仪器拖至工作区。将仪器与测试点相连，连接方法与连接电路的方法一致。
6.运行电路开始仿真分析
单击仿真电源开关，电路则开始运行。
7.打开测试仪器窗口。例如双击示波器，则打开示波器窗口。在示波器的显示窗口中，可以观察到测试结果。
8.利用显示图表命令观察仿真结果
单击显示图表命令，可以看到电路的测试数据或测试波形。
3.2.2multisim8的元器件库
Multisim8提供了丰富的元器件库，元器件库栏图标和名称如图3.2.1所示。

图3.2.1
用鼠标左键单击元器件库栏的某一个图标即可打开该元件库。元器件库中的各个图
标所表示的元器件含义如下面所示。关于这些元器件的功能和使用方法将在后面介绍。读者还可使用在线帮助功能查阅有关的内容。
Multisim8的元器件库十分丰富，下面简要介绍其中比较重要的一些元器件库。
1.电源/信号源库
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
电源/信号源库包含有接地端、直流电压源（电池）、正弦交流电压源、方波（时钟）
电压源、压控方波电压源等多种电源与信号源。电源/信号源库如图3.2.2所示。

图3.2.2
2.基本器件库
基本器件库包含有电阻、电容等多种元件。基本器件库中的虚拟元器件的参数是可
以任意设置的，非虚拟元器件的参数是固定的，但是可以选择的。基本器件库如图3.2.3所示。

onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-37-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
图3.2.3
3.二极管库
二极管库包含有二极管、可控硅等多种器件。二极管库中的虚拟器件的参数是可以
任意设置的，非虚拟元器件的参数是固定的，但是是可以选择的。二极管库如图3.2.4所示。

图3.2.4
4.晶体管库
晶体管库包含有晶体管、FET等多种器件。晶体管库中的虚拟器件的参数是可以任
意设置的，非虚拟元器件的参数是固定的，但是是可以选择的。晶体管库如图3.2.5所示。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院

图3.2.5
5.模拟集成电路库
模拟集成电路库包含有多种运算放大器。模拟集成电路库中的虚拟器件的参数是可
以任意设置的，非虚拟元器件的参数是固定的，但是是可以选择的。模拟集成电路库如图3.2.6所示。

图3.2.6
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto

breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-39-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
6.指示器件库
指示器件库包含有电压表、电流表、七段数码管等多种器件。指示器件库如图3.2.7
所示。

图3.2.7
7.电源器件库
电源器件库包含有三端稳压器、PWM控制器等多种电源器件。电源器件库如图3.2.8
所示。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院

图3.2.8
8.其他器件库
其他器件库包含有晶体、滤波器等多种器件。其他器件库如图3.2.9所示。

图3.2.9

3.2.3multisim8的仪器
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-41-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
Multisim8提供一系列虚拟仪表，您要用这些仪表测试电路的行为。这些仪表的使用和读数与真实的仪表相同，感觉就像实验室中使用的仪器。使用虚拟仪表显示仿真结果是检测电路行为最好、最简便的方法。单击设计工具栏中的Instruments按钮进入仪表功能。单击此按钮后会出现仪表工具栏，每一个按钮代表一种仪表。如图3.2.10所示。

图3.2.10
虚拟仪表有两种视图：连接于电路的仪表图标；打开的仪表（可以设置仪表的控制和显示选项）。如图3.2.11所示。
3.2.4multisim8子电路的创建与格式变换
子电路是由用户自己定义的一个电路（相当于一个电路模块），可存放在自定元器件库中供电路设计时反复调用。利用子电路可使大型的、复杂系统的设计模块化、层次化，从而提高设计效率与设计文档的简洁性、可读性，实现设计的重用，缩短产品的开发周期。
Place操作中的子电路（NewSubcircuit）菜单选项，可以用来生成一个子电路。子
电路的创建步骤如下：
首先在电路工作区连接好一个电路，如图3.2.12所示的一个波形变换电路。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
数字万用表
信瓦示四频号特波通率发表器道计生示数器波器
器








IV




波
特图仪
字信号发生器
逻辑分析仪逻辑转换仪
分析仪
失真分析仪频谱分析仪网络分析仪信万示号用波发表器生器
(Aglient
动态测试笔
(Aglient










(Aglient


打开的仪表
仪表名称
XMM1
仪表图标

图3.2.11


difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院

图3.2.12
然后用拖框操作（按住鼠标左键，拖动）将电路选中，这时框内元器件全部选中。
用鼠标器单击Place→NewSubcircuit菜单选项，即出现子电路对话框，如图3.2.13所示。

图3.2.13
输入电路名称如BX（最多为8个字符，包括字母与数字）后，用鼠标单击“OK”选
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-43-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
项，生成一个子电路图标如图3.2.14所示。用鼠标单击File→Save选项或用Ctrl＋S操作，可以保存生成的子电路。用鼠标单击
File→SaveAs选项，可将当前子电路文件换名保存。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetoratilearnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherihope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangetbreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
图3.2.14

sonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,opmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmostustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytoonalanalysis.Thintermsofacceleratingthedevelhispredicament,requires
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
第三章基本电路的分析与测试
实验九基础仿真实验
一、实验目的
1.验证基尔霍夫定律的正确性。2.验证线性电路叠加原理的正确性。
3.加深对基尔霍夫定律和线性电路的理解，并用软件仿真验证。二、原理说明
基尔霍夫定律是电路的基本定律。测量某电路的各支路电流及每个元件两端的电压，应能分别满足基尔霍夫电流定律（KCL）和电压定律（KVL）。即对电路中的任一个节点而言，应有ΣI＝0；对任何一个闭合回路而言，应有ΣU＝0。运用上述定律时必须注意各支路或闭合回路中电流的正方向，此方向可预先任意设定。
叠加原理指出：在有多个独立源共同作用下的线性电路中，通过每一个元件的电流或其两端的电压，可以看成是由每一个独立源单独作用时在该元件上所产生的电流或电压的代数和。三、实验设备序号12
名称
微型电子计算机Multisim软件
型号与规格

数量11
备注
四、实验内容
按图3.3.1使用仿真软件连接电路

图3.3.1
自拟实验数据表格证明基尔霍夫定律与线性电路叠加原理的正确性
五、实验注意事项
1.正确地选择电路中接地的位置。
2.在使用万用表测量电流时，注意改变万用表的接线方式。六、预习思考题
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-45-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
实验电路中，若有一个电阻器改为二极管，试问叠加原理的迭加性与齐次性还成立吗？为什么？七、实验报告
1.根据实验数据表格，进行分析、比较，归纳、总结实验结论，即验证基尔霍夫定律与线性电路的叠加性。
2.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
实验十综合仿真实验
一、实验目的
1.验证最大功率传输的条件。
2.验证RC串联电路的微分、积分条件。3.验证R、L、C串联电路的谐振条件。二、原理说明
1.电源与负载功率的关系
图3.3.2可视为由一个电源向负载输送电能的模型，R0可视为电源内阻和传输线路电阻的总和，RL为可变负载电阻。
负载RL上消耗的功率P可由下式表示：0图3.3.2
I
UR
+
+
U
RL
PI2RL(
U
2RL，
R0RL
图
当RL=0或RL=∞时，电源输送给负载的功率均为零。而以不同的RL值代入上式可求得不同的P值，其中必有一个RL值，使负载能从电源处获得最大的功率。
负载获得最大功率的条件
根据数学求最大值的方法，令负载功率表达式中的RL为自变量，P为应变量，并使dP/dRL=0，即可求得最大功率传输的条件：
(R0RL22RL(RLR0UdPdP
0,即dRLdRL(R0RL4令(RLR022RL(RLR00，解得:RLR0
当满足RL=R0时，负载从电源获得的最大功率为：

2
PMAX
UU2U22
(RL(RLR0RL2RL4RL
这时，称此电路处于“匹配”工作状态。
2.微分电路和积分电路是RC一阶电路中较典型的电路，它对电路元件参数和输入信号的周期有着特定的要求。一个简单的RC串联电路，在方波序列脉冲的重复激励下，当满足τ＝RC<<
T
时（T为方波脉冲的重复周期），且由R两端的电压作为响应输出，则该2
电路就是一个微分电路。因为此时电路的输出信号电压与输入信号电压的微分成正比。如图3.3.3(a所示。利用微分电路可以将方波转变成尖脉冲。
CR<c
R
ui
T
R
uR
ui
R>>T/2c
C
uc
(a微分电路(b积分电路
图3.3.3
若将图3.3.3(a中的R与C位置调换一下，如图10-2(b所示，由C两端的电压作为响应输出，且当电路的参数满足τ＝RC>>
T
，则该RC电路称为积分电路。因为此时电路的2
-47-
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof


difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
输出信号电压与输入信号电压的积分成正比。利用积分电路可以将方波转变成三角波。
3.在图3.3.4所示的R、L、C串联电路中，当正弦交流信号源的频率f改变时，电路中的感抗、容抗随之而变，电路中的电流也随f而变。取电阻R上的电压uo作为响应，当输入电压ui的幅值维持不变时，在不同频率的信号激励下，测出UO之值，然后以f为横坐标，以UO/Ui为纵坐标（因Ui不变，故也可直接以UO为纵坐标），绘出光滑的曲线，此即为幅频特性曲线，亦称谐振曲线，如图3.3.5所示。LCiR
图3.3.4
U0
U0max
u
uo
U0max

2图3.3.5
在f＝f0＝
12LC
处，即幅频特性曲线尖峰所在的频率点称为谐振频率。此时XL＝
Xc，电路呈纯阻性，电路阻抗的模为最小。在输入电压Ui为定值时，电路中的电流达到最大值，且与输入电压ui同相位。从理论上讲，此时Ui＝UR＝UO，UL＝Uc＝QUi，式中的Q称为电路的品质因数。
电路品质因数Q值的两种测量方法
一是根据公式Q
ff1Ff0Ff2
ULUC
测定，UC与UL分别为谐振时电容器C和电感线圈L上
UoUo
的电压；另一方法是通过测量谐振曲线的通频带宽度△f＝f2－f1，再根据Q＝
Q
fO
求出Q值。式中f0为谐振频率，f2和f1是失谐时，亦即输出电压的幅度下降
f2f1
到最大值的1/2(＝0.707倍时的上、下频率点。Q值越大，曲线越尖锐，通频带越窄，电路的选择性越好。在恒压源供电时，电路的品质因数、选择性与通频带只决定于电路本身的参数，而与信号源无关。三、实验设备序号12
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof名称
微型电子计算机Multisim软件
型号与规格

数量11
备注

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"aChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessaryto
cometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationi沈阳建筑大学信息学院
四、实验内容
本实验为综合设计性实验，四道题目任选其中一个正确完成，本实验成绩为及格；任选其中两个正确完成，本实验成绩为中等；任选其中三个正确完成，本实验成绩为良好；全部正确完成，本实验成绩为优秀
题目一：设计一个实验方案证明最大功率传输的条件
要求：自行设计实验电路、自行安排实验步骤，并对实验数据进行分析得出结论
题目二：使用虚拟仪器中的信号源与示波器分别测量50Hz，1.5KHz和20KHz的三角波、方波、正弦波信号
要求：在坐标纸上画出上述信号的波形情况
题目三：设计一个实验方案证明RC串联电路的微分、积分条件
要求：自行设计实验电路、自行安排实验步骤，并对实验数据进行分析得出结论题目四：设计一个实验方案证明R、L、C串联电路的谐振条件
要求：自行设计实验电路、自行安排实验步骤，并对实验数据进行分析得出结论五、实验注意事项
1.正确地选择电路中接地的位置。
2.实验前，需熟读双踪示波器的使用说明书。六、预习思考题
1、改变电路的哪些参数可以使电路发生谐振，电路中R的数值是否影响谐振频率值？2、要提高R、L、C串联电路的品质因数，电路参数应如何改变？3、电源电压的变化对最大功率传输的条件有无影响？七、实验报告
1.根据实验数据表格，进行分析、比较，归纳、总结实验结论。2.心得体会及其他。
onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselveinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyngotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracyto
breakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof
-49-

difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao'sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization'strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople'sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao'salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff."Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.Asownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin
实验九基础仿真实验方案实例
1.将两路稳压源的输出分别调节为12V和6V，接入U1和U2处。
2.令U1电源单独作用。用万用表测量各支路电流及各电阻元件两端的电压，数据记入表9-1。
表9-1
测量项目实验内容U1单独作用U2单独作用U1、U2共同作用2U1单独作用
U1(V
U2(V
I1(mA
I2(mA
I3(mA
UAB(V
UCD(V
UAD(V
UDE(V
UFA(V
3.令U2电源单独作用，重复实验步骤2的测量和记录，数据记入表9-1。4.令U1和U2共同作用，重复上述的测量和记录，数据记入表9-1。5.将U2的数值调至＋12V，重复上述第3项的测量并记录，数据记入表9-1。
实验十综合仿真实验方案实例

1.按图3.3.6接线。
图3.3.6.
2.按表10-1所列内容，令RL在0~1K范围内变化时，分别测出UO、UL及I的值，表中UO，PO分别为稳压电源的输出电压和功率，UL、PL分别为RL二端的电压和功率，I为电路的电流。在PL最大值附近应多测几点。

onferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesofI
+
+Us-RO
mA-+
UL
-
Rl
+
V-

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