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内部文件，版权追溯
内部文件，版权追溯
内部文件，版权追溯
Module 2 The Renaissance No Drugs
(建议用时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
As the population grows and temperatures rise, it will become more difficult to grow enough food for everyone. So, scientists are exploring the planet for plants that do not need as much water as today’s crops. The Mojave Desert in the US state of California is home to some of these plants.
Scientist Heather Rose Kates of the University of Florida is in that desert. She is searching along roads for a plant called coyote melon which is a kind of squash(南瓜小果). Coyote melon may not taste good, but it can be grown in places that have little rainfall. The desert where it grows gets just 15 to 20 centimeters of rain per year, or less. Other kinds of squash need at least two and a half centimeters per week to grow.
Scientists are considering combining wild coyote melon with regular squash to see if they can make a tasty vegetable that doesn’t need as much water to grow. That could be useful on a planet growing warmer and more crowded every day.
Andy Jarvis works at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. He says farmers will need to produce 50 to 70 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world. So, he says, researchers are studying the wild versions of farm-grown crops.
But he says there is a problem. He says many wild versions of farmed plants are disappearing. He says they are threatened and scientists have not collected their seeds for future use. Scientist Kates is part of an international effort to gather these plants and save their seeds while it is still possible. Workers are collecting wild potatoes in Argentina and wild peppers in Para-guav. The plants and seeds will be sent for storage to the Global Seed Vault in Norway and at Kew Gardens in Britain. Ms Kates spends most of her time in a laboratory. She says gathering plants has helped her understand more about them.
【文章大意】这是一篇时文报道类文章。科学家们正在研究地球上的植物, 希望能找出耐旱作物并保持植物的多样性。
1. Why do scientists study coyote melon?
A. It tastes good.
B. It is easy to cook.
C. It only needs little water to grow.
D. It is welcomed by many American people.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知, 南瓜小果可以种植在降雨量特别少的地方, 它的生长需要极少的水。
2. Scientists want to combine wild coyote melon with regular squash in order to______.
A. feed the people all around the world
B. keep the earth from becoming warmer
C. create a new fruit instead
D. produce a delicious vegetable with less water to grow
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知, 科学家们正在考虑将野生的南瓜小果和一般的南瓜结合在一起, 从而产生一种美味的蔬菜, 而且这种蔬菜的生长需水量极少。
3. We can know Andy Jarvis______.
A. is searching for the coyote melon
B. is in charge of the research of agriculture
C. feels somewhat pessimistic about the scientists’ research
D. thinks producing more food to feed the world is easy
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段第二、三句可知, Andy Jarvis认为, 很多野生蔬菜现在正在消失, 科学家们搜集不到种子以供未来使用, 他们的研究面临着很大的问题。故可推知, Andy Jarvis对科学家们的研究有点悲观。
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
A. All the plants’ seeds need to be stored.
B. Ms Kates never goes outside to do research.
C. Coyote melon can be planted everywhere.
D. Ms Kates benefits a lot from gathering plants.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知, Ms Kates认为搜集这些植物帮助她更好地了解这些植物, 她受益颇多。
B
How to describe the rising philosophy of the day? I’d say it is data-ism. We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. This ability seems to carry with it certain cultural assumptions—that everything that can be measured should be measured; that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remarkable things—like foretell the future. At the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well.
First, it’s really good at exposing when our intuitive(直觉的)view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise and spend more money. But this is largely wrong.
After the 2006 election, Sean Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent(在任的)campaign spending advantages with their eventual victory. There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory.
Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual, some focus on details and some on whole. Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student. But there’s no evidence to support this either.
Second, data can clarify patterns of behavior we haven’t yet noticed. For example, I’ve always assumed people who frequently use words like“I”, “me”, and“mine”are probably more self-centered than people who don’t. But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fewer“I”words, not more.
In sum, the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand the present and the past. Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future? We’ll see.
【文章大意】数据化在我们今天变得越来越流行并受到人们的重视。详细和准确的数据使得我们看待过去和现在的问题更加真实和客观, 但是未来呢?
5. What do people running for political office think they can do?
A. Use data analysis to predict the election result.
B. Win the election if they can raise enough funds.
C. Manipulate public opinion with favorable data.
D. Increase the chances of winning by foul means.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章的第二段“For example, nearly every person. . . and spend more money”可知, 为政治选举的人觉得筹集和花的钱越多, 越能赢得更多的选票, 赢得选举。
6. Why do many teachers favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students?
A. They think students prefer flexible teaching methods.
B. They will be able to try different approaches.
C. They believe students’ learning styles vary.
D. They can accommodate students with special needs.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知, 由于学生们的学习方法是多样的, 因此老师才应该要注意因材施教。
7. What does James Pennebaker reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns?
A. The importance of using pronouns properly.
B. Repeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people.
C. Frequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people.
D. A pattern in confident people’s use of pronouns.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句可知, 自信的人往往专注于手头上的工作, 因此地位高的自信的人使用第一人称I的频率往往更低, 而不是更高。
8. Why is the author skeptical of the data revolution?
A. Data may not be easily accessible.
B. Errors may occur with large data samples.
C. Data cannot always do what we imagine it can.
D. Some data may turn out to be outdated.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者最后提出问题, 指出质疑: 数据革命会改变我们对未来的预测和决策的能力吗? 因为这个结果还是不清楚, 所以值得人们怀疑。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How can we all get more laughter into our lives? Here is what the experts suggest:
1 Nancy Alguire, a teacher in Clifton Park, N. Y. , was once painfully shy and had a hard time laughing. Then she married a circus clown(小丑). “I became interested in the clowns, ”she recalls. “One day I put on a costume and painted my face. That afternoon my whole life changed. I learned to laugh and enjoy life in a way I had never done before. ” 2 To this day, she still makes it a rule to be with people who enjoy life and laughing.
3 It doesn’t take you too much time and can be easy. Collect favorite cartoons and jokes. Also, keep a paper for writing down humor you find in everyday life. “Good ideas come and go fast, you have to capture them quickly or they are gone, ”says Virginia Tooper.
Laugh when you need it most. “ 4 ”says comedian Bill Cosby. “And once you find laughter, no matter how painful your situation might be, you can survive it, ”he insists.
Gray Alan, a sociology professor at the University of Minnesota, claims that laughter is a skill we can all gain—because it comes naturally. 5 Just remember: we are just here for a period, so get a few laughs.
A. Keep a laughter file.
B. Mix with people who laugh.
C. Practise the art of laughing.
D. He who laughs last laughs best.
E. People’s joy can affect those around them.
F. You can soften the worst blows through humor.
G. But it’s also something that has to be developed.
【文章大意】怎样才能让生活充满欢笑呢? 文章介绍了帮助人们变得开朗的几条建议。
1.【解析】选B。根据本段的最后一句she still makes it a rule to be with people who enjoy life and laughing可知Nancy在与热爱生活并且乐观的人相处的过程中, 她自己也改变了很多, 说明应该多与开朗的人相处。
2.【解析】选E。根据文中Nancy Alguire. . . was once painfully shy and had a hard time laughing. . . One day I put on a costume and painted my face. That afternoon my whole life changed可知, Nancy是一个很害羞的人, 但自从对小丑产生兴趣之后, 她整个人变得开朗了很多, 说明欢乐的情绪可以感染周围的人。
3.【解析】选A。根据下面的Collect favorite cartoons and jokes. Also, keep a paper for writing down humor可知专家建议人们建立一个“微笑档案”, 比如收集喜欢的卡通和笑话, 随时把发现的日常生活中的幽默记下来。
4.【解析】选F。根据And once you find laughter, no matter how painful your situation might be, you can survive it, 可知一旦你发现了幽默之处, 无论处境多么痛苦你都能挺过去, 说明幽默能缓和糟糕的情况。
5.【解析】选G。根据claims that laughter is a skill we can all gain可知欢笑是每个人都可以获得的一项技能, 欢笑虽然是天生的, 但也需要后天的培养。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计。
My favorite sport is playing basketball. In the middle school, I joined in the basketball team. All the teammate practised hard after school. Once our team had match against another school’s. At the very beginning, we were so nervous which we couldn’t cooperate very good. It’s because this was the first time for us to compete with the school honor. In the half match they fell behind. Our team leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting in order to beat them. Then we tried our best and won the game at last. Play basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork.
答案:
1.【解析】去掉第二句中的第二个in。join加入某一组织, 为及物动词, 不需要介词。
2.【解析】第三句中的teammate→teammates。teammate为可数名词, 根据前面的all可知用复数形式。
3.【解析】第四句中的match前加a。have a match进行一场比赛, 为固定短语, 其中的match为可数名词。
4.【解析】第五句中的which→that。根据前面的副词so和后面句中不缺少成分可知为so. . . that. . . 句型, 表示“如此……以至于”。
5.【解析】第五句中的good→well。修饰动词要使用副词。
6.【解析】第六句中的with→for。根据句意“这是因为我们第一次为了学校的荣誉而战”可知表示“为了”, 故用介词for。
7.【解析】第七句中的they→we。根据句意可知在前半场我们处于落后的比分。
8.【解析】第八句中的calls→called。根据上下文的时态可知讲述过去的经历, 要用一般过去时。
9.【解析】第八句中的uniting→united。“get +过去分词”是一种固定结构, 意为“团结起来”。
10.【解析】第十句中的Play→Playing。分析句子结构可知此处play短语作主语, 故用动名词形式。
