Module3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Teaching aims and demands1.topic: 1>Festivals
2> how festivals begin
3>how to celebrate festivals2.function: 1>Request
Eg: Could you please…? Could I have …? I look forward to doing…
2>Thanks
Eg: It’s a pleasure. /Don’t mention it.
It’s very kind of you to… I’d love to …
Thank you very much./Thanks a lot.You are most welcome.3.vocabulary:
4.grammar:
Jin can speak English well. (ability)
Could you please show me the way to …? (request)
May we see the awards for the team? (permission)
She might give you … (possibility)
The whole family will come for dinner. (promise)
Often he would dress up like a rich man. (pass habit)
We would be there with our friends. (promise)
II.Key pointsPeriod 1-2 Warming up and fast reading
1.Greetings
2.Warming up
Step 1 discussing the following questions
a.How was your holiday/spring festival?
b.Did you go traveling?
c.How much pocket money did you get?
Step 2 talking
1). Name some festivals
Spring Festival Dragon Boat Festival Lantam Festival Mid-Autumn Festival
Army Day May Day Teachers’ Day New Year National Day Mother’s Day
Children’s Day Father’s Day Christmas Day Halloween carnival
word/media/image1.gif Easter Valentine Day Oben
2).Ss work in groups of four and list five Chinese festivals and siscuss when they take place , what they celevrate and one thing that people do at that time.
Festivals Time of year/date Celebrate for Things to do
word/media/image2.gifMid-Autumn Day
Spring Festival
Dragon Boat Day
Tomb sweeping Day
word/media/image3.gifLantern Festival
3.Pre-reading
1) What’s your favourite holiday of the year? Why?
2) What festivals or celebration do you enjoy in your city or town? Do you like
spending festivals with your family or with friends? What part of a festival do
you like best—the music, the things to see, the visits or the food?
4. Fast reading and find the answers to the following questions.
A.What did ancient festivals celebrate?
B.What are festivals of the dead for ?
C.Why are autumn festivals happy events ?
D.Name three things people do at spring festival ?
Period 3-4 Intensive reading
1.Read the passage paragraph and find the main ideas of each paragraph
word/media/image4.gif Paragraph 1: All kinds of celebration in ancient time.
Paragraph 2: The purpose to honour the dead and three examples
Festivals Time Things people do
Oben
Day of the Dead
Halloween
word/media/image5.gif Paragraph 3: The reasons Why we honour people
Festivals Who does it celebrate ?
Dragon Boat Festivals
Clumbus Day
Indian National Festival
Paragraph 4: Autumn festivals are happy events
Paragraph 5: How people celebrate in spring festivals
2．Language points
a.They would starve if food was difficult to find…
starve （v.） 饿死；挨饿
eg. Millions of people starved to death during the war.
Starve for sth 渴望…
Eg. The homeless children starve for love.
Starvation (n.) 饿死
Eg. Die of starvation
Starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资
b.The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.
Celebrate (vt./vi.) 庆祝，赞颂，赞美，举行（仪式）
Eg.We celebrate the new year with a party.
Their courage was celebrated in all the newspaper.
Celebrated (adj.) = famous 著名的，驰名的
c. …because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
days/years/…of plenty :富裕（尤指事物和钱）的日子，年月，生活等。
Eg.You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about ?
d.Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
1）Honour (v.) “尊敬，给…增光” honour sb. (sth.) with sth.
（n.） “荣誉，光荣，敬意，面子”
Win honour for…为…争光 Show honour to sb.尊敬某人
in honour of sb.(sth.) = in sb.’s /sth’s honour出于对某人的敬意
eg.There will be a party in honour of his success.
为庆祝他的成功将会举行一个晚会。
We have a party in honour of the famous artist.
为纪念这位著名艺术家我们举办了这场晚会。
2）satisfy (vt.)使满意，令人满意
Eg.That answer won’t satisfy her.
那个答案不会使她满意。
Satisfied （adj.） 满意的（主语是人）
Satisfactory (adj.) 令人满意的（主语是事而不是人）
Satisfying （adj.） 令人满意的（主语是事）
Satisfaction （n.） 满意
Eg. She’s satisfied with her son’s progress.
对于儿子的进步她感到很满意。
Do you think what he said is satisfying?
你认为他所见的令人满意吗？
3)harm (n.) (U) 伤害
Eg. Don’t be too serious , he meant no harm.
(v.) harm sb./sth.=do harm to sb./sth.
Eg. Don’t be afraid, the dog won’t harm you.
What you do should do more good than harm.
你所做的应该利大于弊。
e.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of
the dead.
In memory of / to the memory of sb. 最为对某人的纪念，纪念某人
Eg.The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
f.They dress up and try to frightened people.
Dress n. 连衣裙/ v. dress sb./oneself 给…穿上衣服
The first thing she does every morning after getting up is to dress her son.
她每天起来第一件事就是帮儿子穿衣服。
Dress up 盛妆打扮，乔装打扮
Eg. Ladies loves dressing up more than anything else.
g.If they are not fiven anything, the children might play a trick.
Play a trick on sb. 玩弄某人
Eg. That naughty boy likes to play a trick on others.
h. in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columber in America.
Arrival n. 到达
Eg.We are pleased for their arrival.
i. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma
Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britan.
Gain n.获得物，收获，增加
Eg.The baby has a gain of half a pound.
v.获得，得到，增加
eg.He had gained himself a reputation for unfairness.
他是自己得到了一个不公平的名声。
比较: get 得到，获得 应用最广的词
Aquire 获得，取得 指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得
Gain 得到，获得 往往指通过努力而获得某种有益或有利的东西
Eg.I got a favorite answer.
How did she acquire her skill?
I hope you will gain still greater success.
j. gather 收集，积累
eg. The police have gathered information about the murderer.
k. …Some people might win awards for their animals…
award n.奖品，奖金，助学金
win the second award 获得第二等奖
win the award of ten thousand dolar.
获得一万美元奖金
Vt.奖励，授予 award sb. Sth./sth to sb.
Medals are awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
奖章授给辩论队中最佳的演说者。
比较： award n./vt. 对鼓励工作突出所进行的鼓励，往往强调荣誉
Prize n. 多指在各类竞赛或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖有的凭靠能力，有的凭靠运气获得。
Reward n./v 指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。
Eg. He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
The waitress was given two more extra dolar for her good serves.
l. …when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes.
Admire vt. 钦慕，羡慕，赞美
Admire sb. for sth. 因谋事而赞美/仰慕某人
Admire to do sth. 喜欢干谋事
Eg.Don’t forget to admire the students.
别忘了夸奖学生
Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour.
人人羡慕他那极好的幽默感。
I just admire to get letter, but I don’t admire to answer it.
我只是喜欢收信件，而不喜欢回信。
m. …that looking forward to the end of winter and to the coming of sping.
Look forward to doing sth.
Eg. I am looking forward to seeing you again.
The children are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.
n.The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though
it might be covered with pink snow
as though =as if 引导状语从句，常常放在act, look, sound, feel, smell
等动词后面；引导表语从句常用虚拟语气。
Eg. He behaves as though nothing has happened.
It looks as if it were summer already.
Period 5-6 Using language --- Reading
Step 1. Greetings
Step 2. Lead-in: 1. Introduction of Qiqiao Jie
（Why called Qiqiao Jie and some customs of the very day and the sad love story.）
2.The following story is a modern sad love story.
Step 3. Ss read the questions given and read the story to find the answers.
Step 4. words and phrases.
1.But she didn’t turn up.
Turn up 1) 出席，来 For several reasons, she didn’t turn up.
2) 出现，找到The book you have lost will turn up one day.
3) 开大音量 （反义词）turn down
Turn up the radio a little, I can hardly hear the program.
2.to hold one’s breath: to wait without much hope
eg.The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake.
3.to drown one’s sadness: To drink in order to forget
to drown one’s sorrows: 借酒消愁
4.to keep one’s word 守信用(反) to break one’s word 失信
Eg.He is a man who always keeps his word.
Don’t believe him, he always breaks his word.
5.set off 1)动身，出发 Tomorrow we’ll set off for home.
2)使…爆炸 The human body bomb set off among the crowd.
6.I don’t want them to remind me of her.
Remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
Remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
Remind sb. That
Eg.The pictures remind me of my school days.
Remind me to buy her a gift.
I reminded him that he must go home before dark.
7.forgive …for
Eg.Please forgive me for my being rude.
Step 5.Ss work in groups of four to summarize the story and ask some of Them to tell the story in their own words.
Period 7-8 Discovering Useful Stuctures: Modal verbs
1. 情态动词的各种语气
1) can and could
Jin can speak English well.(ability)
No one could finish the test last week.(ability)
The teacher said that we could not leave early.(permission)
The hunters are lost. They could starve.(possibility)
Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park?(request)
注意：表示一般能力时，can 可与be able to 互换，但表示过去的能力+特定行为时，用was/were able to ,be able to 可用于各种时态，而can 只能用于现在时。
Eg.His mother wasn’t at home, so he was able to watch TV
2) may and might
May we see the awards for teams?(permission,request)
She might give yousome new clothing.(possibility)
注意：1.表示许可时，用于第一人称，指我（们）被允许做某事；由于其他人称，则指说话者允许主语做某事。
Eg.We might go shopping until dark.(我们被允许)
Mother said:”You might go shopping until dark.” （说话者允许主语做某事）
2.在用于请求许可时，may可与can/could 互换
3）will and would
The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner.(promise;agreement)
Often he would dress up like a rich man.(past habit; custom)
Would you like to join us for dinner?(request)
注意：would 与 used to 均可表示“过去惯常”，但是would 常与过去时间状语连用，意为总是，总要；used to 与现在时间相比，意为过去常常，暗示现在已经没有了。
Eg.When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day?
He used to go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day,but now he goes to play basketball.
4)shall and should
The harvest festival begins on Saturday.We shall be there with our friends.(promise, agreement)
It’s nearly five o’clock. The taxi should be here soon.(prodiction)
注意：1.shall 用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示说或者征求对方的意见，或向对方请示。
Eg.Shall we go shopping after school?
2.should have done 表示过去应该做而没有做
Should not have done 表示过去不用做而却做了
5）must and can’t
Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong.(speculation)
You must be joking. That can’t be true. (guessing)
对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时，肯定判断用must+动词原形，否定判断用can’t+动词原形。
She must be in the library.
She can’t be in the room.
2.modal verbs+ have done
一、情态动词+动词完成式
情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”
当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.
He must understand that we mean business.
You must be hungry after a long walk.
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
You could have told us earlier. Tom could have taken the dictionary.
4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：
1）With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2）You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn’t have done
needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”
二、情态动词+动词进行式
情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + doing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：
1）He must be playing basketball in the room.
2）She may be staying at home.
三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：
1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
1. need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别.
情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
2. dare
考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下表。
3. can 和 may
考试中主要测试can，may或could，might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答。
（1）can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can还具有“有能力”的意思，而may与might则不具此意。例如：
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
（2）May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如：
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
4. can 和 be able to
can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can (could)表示主观能力，不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。例如：
1）My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
2）He is able to give up his bad habits.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别：
（1）must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
（2）have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
（3）在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。
1）You must come to the classroom before eight.
2）It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3）“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”
6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
（1）used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为“习惯于”；be used to +v意为“被用来（做某事）”。
（2）used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。
1）He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2）He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3）The knife is used to cut bread.
7．用作情态动词的其他短语
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：
1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3）I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4）If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：
1）I would rather you came on Sunday.
2）I would sooner you hadn’t asked
Period 9 Listening and exercise
Step 1 Listening about carvals
1.Introduction of carnivals:
狂欢节（Carnival），世界上不少国家都有狂欢节。这个节日起源于欧洲的中世纪。古希腊和古罗马的木神节、酒神节都可以说是其前身。有些地区还把它称之为谢肉节和忏悔节。该节日曾与复活节有密切关系。复活节前有一个为期40天的大斋期，即四旬斋（lent）。斋期里，人们禁止娱乐，禁食肉食，反省、忏悔以纪念复活节前3天遭难的耶稣，生活肃穆沉闷，于是在斋期开始的前3天里，人们会专门举行宴会、舞会、游行，纵情欢乐，故有"狂欢节"之说。如今已没有多少人坚守大斋期之类的清规戒律，但传统的狂欢活动却保留了下来，成为人们抒民对幸福和自由向往的重要节日。 欧洲和南美洲地区的人们都庆祝狂欢节。但各地庆祝节日的日期并不相同，一般来说大部分国家都在2月中下旬举行庆祝活动。各国的狂欢节都颇具特色，但总的来说，都是以毫无节制的纵酒饮乐著称。其中最负盛名的巴西的狂欢节。
2. Let Ss read the questions on page 6.
3. Have Ss listen once and make notes beside the quertions.
4. Have them write their answers and check them with a partner.
5. Check the answers with the class.
Step 2 Doing exercise left.
Period 10
Step 1. Dictation for the new of unit 1
Step 2. Listenin of the Easter in the workbook.
1.Introduction of EasterMost English holidays have a religious origin. Easter Day occurs on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox[1].It is originally the day to commemorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. But now for most people, Easter is a secular spring holiday, while for the children, it means, more than anything else, Easter eggs or chocolate eggs! On Easter Sunday morning, the breakfast eggs are boiled in several pans in some families.Each containing a different vegetable dye, so that when they are served the shells are no longer white or pale brown in color, but yellow or pink, blue or green. The dyes do not penetrate[2] the shell of course. Easter eggs are meant to give enjoyment-- and they do! They are pretty and decorative, they signal good wishes and shared happiness in the changing seasons.
2.Listen to the passage and find the answers to all the questions.
Unit 2. Healthy Eating
1.Topics:Problems with diet ;Balanced diet and nutrition
2.Words and expressions
3.Functions:
1)Suggestions and advice
You must /must not… ; What should I do?
I think you ought to …; I suppose you had better…
Perhaps you should…
Do you think you could give me some advice?
2)Seeing doctors
What’s the matter? What’s wrong?
What seems to be the trouble?
How long have you been like this?
3)Agreement and disagreement.
I don’t agree. Of cause not. I don’t think so.
All right. That’s a good idea.
No problem. Certainly /sure
Yes, I think so. I’m afraid not.
4. Gramma: The use of ought to
You ought to cook fresh vegetables and meat without too much fat
If you want to stay slim.
You ought not to eat the same kind of food at every meal.
Period 1-2.
Step 1. warming up
1. Do you eat a healthy diet? What kind of food do you usually have for meals? Are the food you usually eat healthy food or unhealthy food?(Discuss in pairs)
2. Name some healthy food and unhealthy food.
healthy food unhealthy food.
All vegetables: cabbages, Fatty food: French fries
Peppers tomatoes potatoes cream roast pork/lamb
All fruits: apples, grapes sugary food:chocolate
Strawbaries bananas pears sweets/honey ice-cream
Dairy products:Milk cheese salty food:can biscuit
Seafood: shrimp cookies
Tofu eggs
3. Do you know that the food you eat helps you grow in different ways? Some will make you fat/tall/thin.Look at the charm below,and see which kind of food they.
Questions:
1.Which of these groups of food do you like best?
2.Which of them do you eat most often?
3.Do you think we should eat each kind of food?
3.What will happen if you do not eat a balanced diet?
Too much fatty/sugary/salty food will cause many diseases and get too fat.
Only protective food will feel weak ,no energy and get too thin.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. Discuss the questions in the chart.(Which food contains more…)
2. Order the following food from which contains most fat to which contains less.
Answer: ice-cream, eggs, chicken, rice, peaches
Step 3 Fast reading and answer the following questions
1. What does Wang Pengwei’s restaurant serve?
2. What about Yong Hui’s restaurant?
Step 4 Intensive reading and find the answers to comprehending
Period 3-4 Language points
Step 1.Lead-in: Listen to the tape to get a better understanding .
Step 2.Language points
1.Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.
feeling very frustrated 现在分词在句中作伴随状语
eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴随)
Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表时间)
Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因)
The child fell, striking his head against the ground.(表结果)
2.His restaurant ought to be full of people.
Ought to 1) to show a moral duty 表示一种道义上的责任，应该
Eg.She ought to look after her child better.
You ought to study hard to get a high mark.
2)ought to have done 表示本应该…，而却没有…
Eg.You ought to have come yesterday.
3.He thought of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hottest oil. 过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动。
= which were cooked in the hottest oil.
Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful.
4.Nothing could have been better.比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。
= All his food could have been the best.
Eg.I have never seen a better film.
There is nothing I like so much as playing football.
5.Pengwei followed Maochang into a newly-opened small restaurant…
newly-opened 副词加动词过去式的合成形容词，合成词常见结构有：
1）adv.+p.p well-known newly-built
2) adj.+n.+ed warm-hearted good-tempered
3) num.+n.+ed four-storied three-legged
4) adj.+ving good looking easy going
5) n.+ving peace-loving energy-giving body-building
6) n.+p.p heartfelt(由衷的) man-made
7) adj.+p.p newborn ready-made(现成的)
8）n.+adj. duty-free(免税的) carefree(无忧无虑的)
6.Tired of all that fat?
Tired of 厌烦的 He is tired of doing the same thing all year round.
Tired out 筋疲力尽 I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain.
Tired from 因…而疲倦 I was very tied from running fast.
7.I will take all that fat off you in two weeks if you eat here everyday.
Take off 脱掉，除掉(vt.)，起飞(vi.)
Eg.Don’t take off your coat, it’s cold outside.
The plane took off despite the fog.
8.He couldn’t have Yonghui getting away with telling people lies!
1）have sb. doing sth.允许谋事发生，尤用于否定句中
Eg. Mr Zhang won’t have his daughter arriving home after 12 o’clock.
I won’t have you saying so!
Have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语，省略to
Eg.The boss has the clerks work until late in the evening.
Have sth. Done 请别人做某事。
Eg.My hair is quite long, I must have it cut.
2) get away with sth.
a)不因谋事而受惩罚。Eg.I won’t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.
b)偷携某物潜逃。Eg.The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.
c)收到较轻的惩罚。Eg.He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.
Step 3. Ss read the passage together
Period 5-6. Using language---Reading: Come and eat here (2)
Step 1.Lead-in
T: As we know, Wang Pengwei and Yong Hui host two different styles of restaurants, and Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant attracted all the customers from Wang Pengwei’s. Pengwei was very angry and decided to do a research to compete against Yong Hui. What could the competition be on?
Step 2.Ss read the passage within 5 minutes and answer the questions given.
Question: How do they provide a balanced menu?
Step 3.Language points
1.Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.
earn one’s living by… =live by…=make a living by…靠…谋生
eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door.
2.He didn’t look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.
Be in debt 欠债。
Be out of debt 还清债务。
Be in sb.’s debt 欠某人人情。
Eg. Saving my life, I am forever in your debt.
3.She didn’t look happy but glared at him as she moved round the customers.
Glare at 怒视，带有敌意 Eg. “How could you do that？”he said, glaring at his mother.
Glance at 扫视 Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry.
Stare at 张大眼睛死死地盯着 Eg.She stared at him in surprise.
4.Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola.
Agree to (do) sth. 表示“同意某事或某建议”，后只能跟表“提议，计划，方案，打算，安排”的名词。
Eg.He agreed to their proposal. He agreed to get someone to help us.
Agree with sb. 同意某人 Eg.I agree with every word you said.
Agree on sth. 表示在某事上取得一致的意见
Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting.
5.But don’t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?
虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were），而主句的谓语动词用would(should, could ,might)+动词原形。例如：
If I were you, I should study English better.
If he had time, he would attend the meeting.
6.My research has shown me that neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet.
Neither…nor 既不…也不…
1）引导并列主语时，谓语的数于最靠近谓语的主语保持一致
Eg.Neither the students nor the teacher has suffered from the fire with the timely help of the firefighters.
2)引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。
Eg.Neither do I know her address, nor does he.
Neither could the patient eat, nor could he drink.
Period 7-8 Listening
Step 1. Listening in Using Language on Page 14
1. T: We all know that before Wang Pengwei and Yong Hui combined the two restaurants into one, they competed against each other fiercely. What made Wang Pengwei have the idea to cooperate with Yong Hui? Let’s listen to the tape and then fill in the charts.
2. Ss read the charts and listen to the tape.
3. Possible answers
What is Wang Pengwei’s suggestion for solving the problem?
--Wang Pengwei thought they should work together and make a better menu.
Step 2. Listening on Page 48
1. What are the colours of traffic lights?
Red orange green
2. We also have such colours of foods, what are they ? Listen to the tape to get the answers.
Period 9.ps On How To Make Healthier Meals
Begin by choosing foods low in saturated fat, low in sodium and low in calories:
●Try fat free (skim) milk or low fat (1%) milk
●Only buy cheeses marked “low fat” or “fat free” on the package
●Choose to eat fruits and vegetables without butter or sauce
●Serve rice, beans, cereals, pasta, whole grains (e.g., couscous, barley, bulgar, etc.)
●Choose lean cuts of meat, fish, and skinless turkey and chicken
●When available, buy low- or reduced-sodium or no-salt-added versions of foods
Use these recipe substitutions:
●Use two egg whites for each whole egg and
Period 10. Exercise left and checking the answers of Best English
Unit 3 The million pound bank-note
Period 1-2.
Step 1. Warming up
1. What do you know about the American writer Mark Twain?
2. Do you know any of his work ? Can you name some?
T:Show the picture of Mark Twain and have an introduction of him, then let the students read “About Mark Twain” on page 23, and fill in the following chart.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.A rich man gives you a large amount of money to use as you like. What will you do with it? Whu?
2.Have you ever made a bet with a friend? If so, what did you bet on? How did you feel about the bet after it was won of lost?
---- bet n. make/have a bet 打赌
win/lose a bet 打赌赢/输了 Accept/take up a bet 同意打赌
----bet v. bet…on
Eg.Mr Black spent all his money betting on borses.
I bet…=(informal) I’m certain… 我肯定
Eg.I bet he has gone swimming-he loves it.
3. Have you ever read the story “The million pound bank note”? Have you seen the movie? If so, what did you think of it?
4. Look at Page31 of Best English to see the Introduction of “The million pound bank note”.
Step 3.Fast reading and answer the following questions
1. How did Henry come to England?
2. Why did he land in Britain?
3. Where did Henry work before?
4. Why did the two gentlemen give him the envelope?
5. When can he open it?
Step 4.Read the passage once again carefully to do the comprehending exercise.
Step 5. Take roles to read the play
Period 3-4. Intensive reading
Step 1. Language points
1. be about to 即将做某事
eg. As I was about to lock the door when you appeared.
Be to 按照命令或安排即将发生或将做的事
Eg.Tell her not to be back late.
2. 1)permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb to do sth
eg. Her mother would not permit her to come home late.
辨析：permit 含有积极同意某人做某事，多用于正式场合，不和副词连用
Allow 含有听任或默许某人做某事，可和副词连用
Eg.Will you permit me to say a few words?
Mary wouldn’t allow me in.
2) Permit sth./doing sth. 许可，荣许某事存在发生
Eg. Love cannot permit a third person.
We don’t permit smoking in the office.
3. incredible (adj.)
1) 难以置信的，不可思议的，惊人的，奇异的。
Eg.Sally earns an incredible amount of money in the company.
The Gates had an incredible holiday in Greece.
2) 不可相信的。
Eg.They told us an incredible story!
Adv. Incredibly
Incredibly hot weather 极热的天气
Incredibly，no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before.
4.“I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions?”
I wonder if/whether… 不知您是否…
If you mind us asking = if you mind our asking
“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing”为动名词（-ing）的复合结构，该结构在句中能作主语，表语和宾语。
Eg. Sophia’s having seen them did not surprised us.(主语)
Excuse my interrupting you. (宾语)
What worried the child was his not being allowed to see his mother in the hospital.(表语)
5.‘And it was the ship that brought you to England.’
强调句式，it+is/was +被强调部分+that +其他
Eg. It was in this room that LuXun once lived.
Was it because his mother was ill that he didn’t go to school?
When was it that the club was set up?
6. account for: be the explanation of sth.; explain the cause of sth.
Eg. His illness accounts for his absence.
Please account for your own conduct.
Step2. Read the play carefully once again to find out what sort of person each person is according to their words and stage directions.
Step3. Acting out the play in groups of four.
Period 5-6. Reading and acting Act one, Scene 4
Step1.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1. What did Henry have for meal?
2. Could the restaurant change his money? Why?
Step2. Read the play while listening to the tape to get a better understanding.
Step3. Language points
Step4. Ss act the scene 4 out.
Period 7-8 Talking and listening in the workbook.
1. 名词性从句是由if, whether, that和各种疑问句词where, when等充当连接词所引导的从句, 其功能同名词一样。
2. what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:
what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：
(1) What you said yesterday is right.
(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.
3. 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
(1) 由that 引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句,例如：
① She did not know what had happened.
② I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
4. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
5. it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.
6. 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason why … is that … 和It is because …等结构。例如：
1). The question is whether we can make
good preparation in such a short time.
2). This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3). But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4). The reason he is late for school is that he missed the bus.
Period 9-10 How to try writing a play
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Teaching goals
1. Target language
Aims:Talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity.
Practise giving instructions.
Practise talking abut problems in study or life.
Learn to use Noun Clauses as the subject.
2. Key new words:
theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere, fundamental, harmful, acid, multiply, oxygen, exist, prevent, dioxide
3. Ability goals
a. Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity.
Where do we come from?
How did the universe begin?
Why is the universe the way it was?
How will it end?
How much do you know about universe?
Do you want to have a space travel?
Do you know something about gravity?
b. Understand the text and answer the following questions:
What was there on the earth before life could begin?
Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?
Why did animals first appear in the seas?
Why did green plants help life to develop?
Why were mammals different from other animals?
c. Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage, choosing the correct answer according to the text and put the order of development of life into a time line and answer questions.
d. Retell the passage using key sentences.
4. Learning ability goals
Enable Ss to learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the earth.
Teaching important points
a. Talk about the beginning of life on the earth.
Why did animals first appear in the seas?
Why did green plants help life to develop?
b. Discuss the order of development of life.
Teaching difficult points
a. Understand the beginning of life on the earth.
b. Discuss the questions:
What will our future be if the earth may become too hot for the lives on it?
Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth?
Teaching methods
a. Skimming and scanning.
b. Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss’ understanding of the text.
c. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.
d. Discussion.
Teaching aids
A recorder, a computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & way
Period 1-2
Step I Presentation
T: Hello, everyone! Today we’ll come to Unit 4 Astronomy. Before that I have a question: Where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors?
S1: Monkeys!
S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago.
S3: Reptiles.
S4: Mammals.
S5: Amphibians.
S6: Dinosaurs.
T: Very good! Can you put them in right order?
S7: Amphibians, Reptiles, Dinosaurs, Mammals, Beijing Ren.
T: Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?
S8: It was full of water, perhaps.
T: Before that, what was it like?
S9: Sorry, I don’t know.
T: Do you want to get more information? Today we’ll learn something about How Life Began on the Earth. Turn to Page 25. Let’s come to Warming up first.
Step II Warming up
1. Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.
2. Give the Ss several minutes to discuss the questions.
3. Collect answers from the whole class.
4. Check the answers while discussing.
T: I’ll read the three questions for you. You should listen to me carefully. (If students don’t know how to discuss, show them an example.) For example, medicine. When someone gets serious illness, he will go to the hospital. The doctor will examine him. He will take his temperature, measure his blood pressure and give him an X-ray, or a CT. For the whole process of the examination, what kind of science has been used?
S1: Biology.
S2: Chemistry.
T: So we can say medicine combines biology and chemistry. What about biochemistry and geophysics?
S3: I think biochemistry combines biology and chemistry.
S4: Geophysics combines geology and physics.
T: What about astronomy?
S5: Physics.
S6: Mathematics.
T: Very good. We should know that astronomy is a multidisciplinary subject and if we want to do some research on it, we should know many science subjects related to it. Now discuss the second question:
What do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically? Or what’s the correct attitude towards science?
S7: We should be objective, not superstitious.
T: What’s the correct way to prove a scientific idea?
S8: We should design experiments to test it for several times.
S9: Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.
T: Let’s sum up the answers. To study a subject scientifically, we must try to be objective. In order to test our idea, we should design experiments, then analyze the results and draw a conclusion. Now let’s talk about the third question.
What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?
S10: We should be very careful.
S11: Be objective and logical.
S12: We should be wise enough to design an experiment and write the reports clearly.
S13: We should be able to draw conclusions from the experiments and not impose conclusions on the data.
T: I think you have done great work. From the discussion we know that it’s not easy to be a scientist. So you should work harder if you want to be a scientist.
Period 3-4 Pre-reading
Get the Ss to discuss the questions on Page 25 with their partners. Then ask the Ss to tell their stories. Encourage the Ss to tell different stories. If they don’t know any, tell them some.
T: Now please look at the slide show. And discuss these questions with your partners. Then I’ll ask some students to tell us their stories. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes, Sir/Madam.
1. Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Please give an example if you know.
2. Do you know what a scientific idea is?
After the Ss’ discussion, teacher says the following.
T: Now who’d like to tell us a story? Volunteer!
S1: Let me try. In China, we all know that Pangu separates the sky from the earth.
T: Can you describe the story in details?
S1: Sorry, I can’t remember clearly.
T: Who can? Nobody? Now I’ll tell you. Look at the screen.
Pangu separates the sky from the earth
The sky and the earth were at first one blurred entity
like an egg. Pangu was born into it. The separation of the sky and the earth took 18,000 years- the Yang which was light and pure rose to become the sky, and the Yin which was heavy and murky sank to form the earth. Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom, greater than that of the sky and his ability greater than that of the earth. Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Another 18,000 years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu. Then came the Three Emperors (the Emperor of the Sky, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of the Men.)
So these numbers came into existence and evolve like this. The number begins with one, becomes established at three, is completed at five, prospers at seven, and ends in nine. So the sky is ninety thousand li from the earth.
Other legends about the beginning of universe
The Biblical Account
“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said....”
Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night
Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean
Day 3: God spoke and created dry land
Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars
Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea
Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man
Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy
Period 5-6 Reading
Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.
Para.1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
Para 2: The formation of the earth
Para.3: The importance of water for life
Para.4: The development of plants and animals on the earth
Para.5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth
Reading and answer the questions.
1. Why was the earth different from other planets?
The water remained.
2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?
Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
4. What problem is caused by human beings?
They cause global warming.
5. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.
6. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?
They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creature on the earth so far.
7. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.
8. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?
Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet.
Analyze how life began on earth.
Period 7 Listening
Listen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.
T: Read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your book closed.
Play the tape
T: How did water come into being on the earth?
If one student can’t answer completely, ask two or three or more students.
Ss: The explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down.
T: Why is water important on the earth?
Ss: Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas.
T: No.3, finish the following form.
Key to the exercise:
2. shellfish and all sorts of fish 5.amphibian(on land and in water)
7. reptiles (on land) 8.dinosaurs(on land) 9.mammals(on land)
T: That’s all for this passage. Now let’s deal with some language points.
Passage Analyzing
Chart of the text
How life began on the earth
word/media/image6.gif
Period 8 Text Retelling
Retell the text using about 100 words.
Notes: Use the two questions and the chart to retell the passage; the possible version below can be used as a material for both retelling and dictation.
Retelling:
The explosion of the earth produced water vapour, which turned into water when the earth cooled down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. The arrival of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared. Some were insects. Others, call beginning with two questions so as to arouse the readers’ strong curiosity and interest.
2) The passage tells the readers the scientific idea in order of time. Water made everything possible on the earth. Then all kinds of plants and animals appeared. At last mankind rule the world, but they are not taking care of the earth very well. So the readers will think about a question carefully: What will our earth be in the future?
Period 9 Writing Style
The text is common science writing, which tells the readers how the universe developed and how life began on the earth. It provides a scientific background to any investigation into space and it’s factual. It’s written in a formal way. And all the information is based on scientific research.
Period 10 Main Idea
Through the writer’s clear description, we know that how life began on the earth. It’s a long and slow process. From the passage, we know that earth is the best place for human to live on. But humans didn’t take good care of it in the past. Now we are facing many environmental problems now. What should we human do? Everyone who reads the passage will think about this problem. We should pay more attention to taking care of our earth. Taking good care of the earth means taking good care of ourselves.
Homework
Retell the passage according to the form.
Remember important language points.
Grammar
What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?
A tree has fallen across the road.
You are a student.
To find your way can be a problem.
Smoking is bad for you.
“How do you do?” is a greeting.
What she said is not yet known.
That we shall be late is certain.
It is certain that we shall be late.
We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.
主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）
定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。
1) 由what等代词引起的主语从句：
What the teacher said today was quite right. 老师今天说的话是十分正确的。
2) 由连词that引起的主语从句：
That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他们急需帮助这是十分明显的。
但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去用it作形式主语。
3) 由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。
Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.他们是否卖这所房子还没决定。
4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is possible that... 很可能…… It is unlikely that... 不可能……
2) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎…… It happened that... 碰巧……
3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说…… It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
5) . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用\“should + 动词原形” should有时有感情色彩。
Unit5 Canada —— “The true North”
Period 1-2 Warming up and Reading 1
1. Teaching aims:
1. Talking about Canada.
2. Learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada.
3. Learn how to read a traveling report and pictures.
2. Teaching aids: A computer, a project and pictures.
3. Teaching steps:
Step 1. Warming up.
1. Ss discuss the following questions.
1) Do you like to go traveling?
2) Which countries do you like to visit? Why?
3) What can you see in these countries?
2.T shows some pictures of winter and invites Ss to describe them.
3.Get Ss to talk what they know about Canada.
4.T shows a map of Canada and asks:
①.Which continent is Canada in? ②Which country is its neighbor?
③What are the Oceans Canada faces?④How large is Canada?
4. Have a quiz.
Step 2. Pre-reading.
T: Would you like to take a trip to Canada?
What three words would you use to describe Canada?
Step 3 Reading
1. Shimming:
Get Ss to read the passage quickly and answer the following questions:
1) What is the passage mainly about?
Sample：The passage is about a trip of two girls, and it tells us some information about Canada.
2) What is “The Ture North”?
Sample：“The True North” is the train that goes across Canada / the cross-Canada train.
3) How many cities are mentioned in the text? What are they?
Sample：Vancouver – Calgary—Thunder Bay—Toronto
4) What do you know about each city?
Vancouver :
the warmest part of Canada； the most beautiful city in Canada
many Asian want to live there；the trees are extremely tall.
the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world
Calgary:
famous for Stampede
Cowboys come to compete in riding wild horses.
good at working with animals
they can win a lot of money in prizes.
Thunder Bay:
at the top end of the Great Lakes；very busy port
close to the centre of the country ,so that ocean ships can go there.
2. Detailed reading:
1) Get Ss to read the passage again and correct the following sentences.
1. The girls went to Canada to see their relatives in Montreal.
(in the East of Canada / on the Atlantic coast of Canada)
2. Danny Lin was going to drive them to Vancouver.
(the train station to catch the cross-Canada train)
3. You can cross Canada in less than five days by bicycle.(can’t)
4. The girls looked out the windows and saw Native Indians and cowboys.
(a grizzly bear, mountain goats and wild scenery)
5. Thunder Bay is a port city in the south of Canada, near Toronto.
(at the top end of the Great Lakes, near the center of the country)
2) Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks from the text.
Canada is _____ than the United States. It is the _______largest country in the world.It is _____ kilometers from coast to coast in Canada.The population of Canada is only slightly over_____________.Canada has _________ of the world’s fresh water, much of which is in the ___________.On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and most beautiful _______ in the world still remain. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely ______.
Period 3-4 Language points:
1.Canada is a multicultural country like China.加拿大像中国一样个多元化国家。
multistory 多层的 multiform 多种形式的 多媒体 multimedia
multichannel 多通话线路的, 多波段的 multipurpose 多种用途的
多党的 multiparty 多国的、多民族的 multinational
多向的 multidirectional 多彩的，彩色的 multicolored
2.Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins on the Atlantic coast. 李黛予和她表妹刘倩去加拿大大西洋海岸看望她们兄妹
trip: usually short journey, esp. for pleasure (通常指短途的)行走，旅行尤指娱乐性
与trip搭配的主要动词和介词： be on a trip to make a trip to take a trip to
海滨之行a trip to the seaside 前往巴黎的蜜月之旅 a honeymoon trip to Paris
他出差在外。He is on a business trip
我父亲下礼拜要到纽约去。My father will make a trip to New York next week
3. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly from China to Vancouver and to take the train from west to east across Canada in September.
rather than (prep.): in preference to (sb/sth); instead of 与其（人/物）;不愿;不要
他不愿惹麻烦,宁可离去. Rather than cause trouble, he left.
我想喝柠檬汁,不想喝可乐.I’ll have a lemonade rather than a coke.
他正忙于写信而不是读报.
He was busy writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper.
4. It is the second biggest country in the world and as you go eastward, you will see mountains, and pass by thousands of lakes, forests and wide rivers as well as cities. 它是世界第二大国家,当你一路向东行时,除了城市你还会看到山脉,会经过上千个湖泊,森林,大河等以及城市.
eastward也作eastwards,副词,意为“向东”
-ward(s)=in a direction
向前foreward(s) 向后 backward(s) 向外outward(s)
向南 southward(s) 向西 westward(s) 向北 northward(s)
他们向东航行。They sailed eastward
我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。
We couldn’t decide whether to go eastward or westward
thousands of 成千上万的
注意：million, billion, thousand, hundred, score, dozen之前有确定数字时，不论后面是有无of, 词尾都不加s. 如果前面没有确定的数字而后接of时，词尾都加s.
300名学生three hundred students这些鸡蛋里的3打 three dozen of these eggs几打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs
5. Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and the Pacific. 许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，因为它的北面和东面都被大山包围。surround vt. 包围，环绕，围绕surround sb/sth with sb/sth，sth/sb be sourrounded by/with sth
篱笆环绕着学校。The fence surrounds the school
他们出动了军队包围了该城。They have surrounded the town with troops.
房子的四周有高墙。The house is surrounded by high walls.
6. On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world still remain.温哥华以北的海岸依然生长着世界上最古老最美丽森林。
north of = to the north 表示“在……的北方”，其他方位词，如：east, west, south, southeast, northeast等，都有类似的用法。
他住在洛杉矶以东（的地方）。He lives to the east of Los Angeles
7. That afternoon in the train the cousins settled down in their seats. 那天下午表姐妹俩才在火车上落了座。settle down 安稳坐下，安居下来，适应起来
他爷爷手拿报纸坐在扶手椅里。
His grandfather settled down in the armchair with a newspaper.
你适应新工作了吗？ Have you settled down in your new job yet?
8. Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes. 他们中许多人都有与兽共舞的才能他们能赢得几千美元奖金。
have a gift for 在…..方面有天分；有天赋
她对学语言有天赋。she has a gift for learning languages.
好像他对音乐有些天赋。It seems he has a gift for music.
Period 5-6 Learning about language
Step 1: Check the answers of exercise 1 on page 36
Step 2: Check the answers of exercise 2 on page 36
Extremely、have a gift for、settle down、coast
Surround、harbour、figure out、port、within
Step3：Check the answers of exercise 3 on page 36
figure out 、harbour、within、border、a gift for settled down、surrounded 、extremely
Step4 Appositive clause
T. What kind of noun clauses are they?
1. What it was to become was a mystery.(主语从句)
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.（宾语从句）
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in London.(表语从句)
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.（同位语从句）
Period 7-8 Grammar pionts
同位语从句讲义及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后肢。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系，且名词和语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的传闻是假的。
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A.what B.that C.when D.as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
Period 9-10 ‘The True North’From Toronto To Montreal
Step 1. Lead in: Show some pictures of Canada, and asks “Do you know the following things in Canada? ”
Step 2. Ss read the passage within 3 minutes to fill in the following plot.
Step.3: Read the passage for a second time and answer the following questions.
1. How do we know it is fall in Canada?
2. What can sometimes be seen from the CN Tower in Toronto?
3. Where does the water from the lake go?
4. Why is there good Cantonese food in Torono?
5. Which direction is the train going from Torono?
6. Why did the girls go to Old Montreal?
7. What three things show us that Montreal is a French city?
Step 4 Language points
1.They were not leaving for Montreal until later.
Not …until …表示“直到…才…”，常与表示瞬间的动词连用。如：
我们直到今天晚上才离开。We do not leave until this evening.
街上的吵闹声直到深夜才停止。The noise in the street didn't stop until midnight.
2. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.
遗憾的时你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华去。
as far as (习语)直到所提到之处为止
我一直走到山脚。I walked as far as the foot of the mountain.
莎拉已经读到第四册啦。Sarah has read as far as the fourth volume.
3. The girl told him they were on a train trip across the Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.
一个动词若带两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词that 一般不能省，
I understand not only that you have studied Chinese but also that you have written Chinese poetry.
Phrases for Module 3Unit 11.mean doing sth. 意味着; mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事;mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be meant for 打算作……用; 为…而有2.take place 发生； 举行 3.of all kinds 各种各样的4.starve to death饿死 be starved of 缺乏, starve for sth, starve to do,渴望5.plenty of 大量; 充足 6.be satisfied with感到满意to one’s satisfaction感到满意是7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人 8.in the shape of呈…的形状，以…的形式9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人10.dress up穿上最好衣服;打扮化妆11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 给予、颁奖
reward sb. for sth. 因奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
12. admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人 13.look forward to期望，期待，盼望14,have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐 ( have a good time, enjoy oneself.)15. turn up.来；出现;把(收音机等)音量开大些turn down 拒绝; turn off 关掉;turn on 打开; turn out 结果是......turn to sb. for help 向某人求助16．keep one’s word 守信用； break one’s word, 失信17．It be obvious that-clause显而易见；一目了然18．set off动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;set in开始; set up建立，创立 ;set out to do = set about doing sth.着手做 set down 写下，记下19．remind sb. of sth. 提醒，使想起
Unit 21.a healthy diet健康饮食; a balanced diet平衡的饮食2.in different way用另外方式 3.most often最经常 4.feel frustrated感到沮丧 5.by lunchtime到午餐时间 6.must have happened一定发生过7.at the end of the street在街道的尽头 8.be tired of 厌倦
9.be amazed at sth. 对...感到惊奇 10.throw away扔掉
11.get away with 逃脱 12.tell lies说谎
13.energy-giving food提供热量的食物 body-building foods提供营养的食物14feel fit保持精力旺盛 15.the weakness of the diet饮食的弱点 the strength of the diet饮食的优点 16.do some research into做...研究
17.earn one’s living谋生 18.be in debt负债
19.glare at怒视 20.move round绕过21.spy on在暗中侦察；打探 22.upset sb.使......不安
23.look ill感到不舒服feel sick感到恶心 24.heavy food不易消化的食物25.chat(ting) about聊起关于...... 26.serve with用......配
27.rather than而不是 28.cut down减少 29.before long不久
Unit 31. know about 了解关于…事 2. make a bet 打赌3. win or lose the bet 在打赌中赢或输 4. have bad luck 运气不好5. step inside 走进里面 6. lead the way 带路7. I wonder if 我想知道是否… 8. go right ahead 说下去9. as a matter of fact 事实上 10. by accident 偶然11. sail out of the bay 驶出海湾 12. stare at 盯着13. towards nightfall 到夜幕降临时 14. carry … out to sea 把…带到了大海15. give oneself up for lost因为迷路而绝望16. work as an unpaid hand 免费劳动17. account for 导致 18. to be honest 坦白地说19. your idea of some kind of joke 你认为的一种笑话20. be on my way 上路21. show sb. out 把某人带出去 22. be confident about 对… 自信23. the cost of a journey 旅行费用 24. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车25. lose one’s patience失去耐心 26. do fifty jumps without stopping
27. account for your behaviour 对你的行为做出解释 28. fall over 跌到 29. be jealous of the others’ success 嫉妒别人的成功30. show a willingness to do sth. 表示乐意做谋事31. stay out of jail 免坐牢32. be reserved 被预定了 33. take the gentleman’s order 让那位绅士点菜34. the look on the waiter’s face 服务员脸上的表情35. take a chance 碰碰运气 36. read the bill 看帐单37. in a rude manner 用粗鲁的方式 38. for a while 一会儿
Unit 41. think of…as 把……看作是 2.a cloud of energetic dust具有能量的尘埃3. combine into…合成…… 4. move around the sun环绕太阳运转5. become violent变得激烈 6. the solid surface固体表面7. explode loudly猛烈爆炸 8. in time及时，最终9. produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽10. make the earth’s atmosphere构成了地球的大气层 11.cool down冷却 12. on the surface在表面13. be different from…与……不同 14.go round the sun环绕太阳运转15. disappear from…从……消失 16. stay on…存留在……17. show one’s quality显现某人的特性,18.dissolve harmful gases分解溶解有害气19. become part of…变成……的一部分, 20. develop life发展生命,21.grow in the water在水里生长,22. encourage the development of…鼓励……的发展,23 millions of years later几万年以后, 24.live on land在陆地上生活,25. live in the sea在海里生存, 26. grow into forests长成森林,27. produce young生出幼仔, 28. lay eggs下蛋,29.animals with hands and feet 30.spread all over the earth遍布全世界,31.develop new methods发展了新的方法,32.. move around迁徙, 33. go by过去，推移34.prevent…from…防止……做……,35.escape from… into…从……逃离到 36.depend on….依靠，依赖，取决与37. solve a problem解决 38 be lucky enough足够幸运,39. make a trip去旅行, 40. visit the moon参观月球,41. in the spaceship在太空飞船中, 42. explain to… that…向……解释……,43. on the journey在旅程中, 44 be off启程,45 rise into the air升人太空, 46. feel the pull of the earth47call…gravity称……为地球引力, 48. push…into the seat把…推向座位,49. say…to each other向彼此说 50.fall back to…朝…落下去,51.fall from a tree从树上掉下来, 52. fall to the ground朝地上落下去,53. get close to…接近……, 54 cheer up高兴起来,55 float weightlessly around失重飘来飘去 56 in the spaceship cabin太空船舱,57. watch…do看着……做, 58. move freely自由的活动,59. climb down the steps从梯级上爬下来, 60. step forward向前迈步,61.fall over摔倒, 62. need practice需要练习63..get the hang of…掌握了……的诀窍, 64. enjoy oneself感到自如,65. leave the moon’ s gravity摆脱月球引力 66. come back to…回到……
Unit 51. frost on the ground地上覆盖了一层薄霜 2. around noon中午时分,3. the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada加拿大最大最富有的城市4. leave for…离开去…… 5. go on a tour of the city继续在市内游览一番6. go up the tower登上塔顶 7. look across the lake俯瞰湖面8. flow into…流人…… 9. flow over…流经……10. on one’s way to…在去…的路上 11. a covered stadium加顶的运动场12. walk north向北走 13. phone… from a telephone booth到电话亭给 打电话14. have dinner in downtown Chinatown在市内的中国城吃晚饭15. move to…移居到…… 16. meet… at…在……迎接……17. get good Cantonese food吃到好吃的广东菜18. come from South China来自中国南方19. go as far as Ottawa去到远至渥太华20. about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto距多伦多东北大约400公里21. take too long花费的时间长 22. at dawn黎明23. at the train station 24. have English words in small letters25. go downtown到市区去 26. be close to…,接近……27. spend the afternoon in the lovely shops整个下午在可爱的商店28. visit… in…在..拜访 29. sit in a café坐在咖啡馆30. look over…眺望…… 31. sit down with…和…坐在一起32. on a train trip across…坐着火车上横穿33. have a French culture具有法国文化34. speed along the river toward…沿着河流驶向…35. dream of…梦想……36. on a trip在旅途中) 37. on the Atlantic coast在大西洋海岸38. take the aeroplane乘飞机 39. fly from… to…从…飞行到……40. take the train from… to…乘火车从 41. from west to east从西到东42. across Canada横穿加拿大 43. cross the whole country横贯整个国家44. at the airport在机场 45. take…to…把……带到……46. catch the train乘坐火车 47. on the way to…在去……的路上48. see great scenery看美丽壮观的风景 49. on the trip在旅途中50. go eastward向东行驶 51. pass cities经过城市52. in less than five days在不五天的时间里53. from coast to coast54. in the warmest part of…在最热的地方55. be surrounded by…被……所包围 56. on the north在北边57. ski in the mountains在山上滑雪 58. sail in the harbour在港湾了扬帆行船59. north of……的北边 60. settle down in the seat落座,61. look out of the window at the wild scenery从窗口看到了自然风光62. a mountain goat野山羊 63. a grizzly bear大灰熊64. a famous Western festival有名的西方节日65. come from all over…全来自… 66. compete in ~ing比赛做67. ride wild horses驾驭野马 68. have a gift for ~ing有天资/天分做…69. work with…与……共处, win…prizes赢得……奖金,70. live within 320 kilometres of the USA border居住在靠近美国320公里以内边境71. go through…穿过…72. a wheat-growing province种植小麦的省份73. thousands of square kilometers in size面积有数千平方米74. at the top end of…在……的最上首 75. a busy port繁忙的港口76. rush through…穿行过…
