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中日礼貌用语的对比研究中文摘要礼貌用语是人们日常交际中所必须掌握的交际手段，它维持人们与社会之间的良好关系，也是国际交流中所必不可少的交际方式。因此，注重不同国家语言的礼貌用语的对比研究也就显得十分重要，这不仅会促进两国的友好关系的巩固，还有利于两国之间相互的目的语教学。中国自古以来就被认为是礼仪之邦，在人们的日常交际中，注重礼仪的礼貌用语也十分的丰富多彩。同样，位于东亚的日本与中国共享着儒家文化的影响，所以日本和中国在语言表达上存在着很多相似之处。并且，日本在礼仪的注重方面也为人们所深知。由此，进行中日两国语言中礼貌用语的对比研究可以促进两国人民的相互理解，还可以促进我国对日汉语教师对于日本礼貌用语的理解，以为对日汉语教师在礼貌用语教学中从日本人母语方面寻找突破口提供了帮助。在本文中，笔者主要对礼貌用语中汉语与日语的寒暄语，汉语与日语的道歉语，汉语与日语的致谢语，汉语与日语的祝福语四个语言项目进行了对比研究，文中分析了寒暄语乃至礼貌用语的中日差异与各自的特征，即为随机应变与形式化。在对道歉语的研究中运用了前人的研究成果并结合图表对两国人民道歉的动机差异进行了初步的探究。在对比致谢语时对两国致谢语进行了分类。而对于祝福语仅对口语体的祝福语进行了对比研究。关键词：汉语；日语；礼貌用语；对比；对日汉语教学
AbstractPolitelanguageisthecommunicationmeansthatpeoplemustmasterindailycommunication.Itmaintainsagoodrelationshipbetweenpeopleandsociety,andisanindispensablewayininternationalcommunication.Therefore,itisveryimportanttopayattentiontothecomparativestudyofpolitelanguageindifferentcountries.Thiswillnotonlypromotetheconsolidationoffriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountries,butalsohelpeachother'stargetlanguageteaching.Sinceancienttimes,Chinahasbeenregardedasastateofetiquette,inpeople'sdailycommunication,payattentiontoetiquettecourtesylanguageisalsoveryrichandcolorful.Similarly,JapanandChinainEastAsiasharetheinfluenceofConfucianculture,sotherearemanysimilaritiesbetweenJapaneseandChineseinlanguageexpression.Moreover,Japanisalsowellawareoftheemphasisonetiquette.Thus,thecomparativestudyofcourtesyinChineseandJapaneselanguagescanpromotemutualunderstandingbetweenthetwopeoples,andcanalsopromotetheunderstandingofChineseJapaneselanguageteacherstoJapanesepolitelanguage,andthinkthattheJapaneselanguageteachersinthecourtesylanguageteachingJapanesemothertonguetofindabreakthroughtoprovidehelp.Inthispaper,theauthormainlycomparestheChineseandJapanesegreeting,theChineseandJapaneseapology,theChineseandJapanesegreetings,theChineseandJapaneseblessingsfourlanguageprojectswerecompared,thepaperanalyzedthegreetingLanguageandevenpolitenessofthedifferencesbetweenChinaandJapanandtheirrespectivecharacteristics,thatis,randomandformal.Inthestudyofapologyintheuseofpreviousresearchresultsandcombinedwiththechartonthetwopeopleapologizeforthedifferencesinthemotiveofapreliminaryinquiry.Inthecaseofathankfulspeech,thetwocountrieswerecategorized.Andtheblessinglanguageonlyfortheorallanguageoftheblessingofacomparativestudy.Keywords:Chinese,Japanese,politelanguage,contrast,Japaneselanguageteaching
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