2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案
这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗? (单项选择 情态动词)
唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 情态动词本身并不表示动作或状态，但是本身有一定的词义，要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词有can，could, may, might, must, have to. need, dare,shall, should, will, would等。
要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。 1. 情态动词的分类：
(1)只作情态动词：must; can/could; may/might;
(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词：need
(3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词：shall/should; will/would
(4)具有情态动词某些特征：have/had to;had better
2. 情态动词的特点：
(1)情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)；
(2)情态动词后接动词原形；
(3)情态动词的否定式是在其后加not;
(4)具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语；
(5)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
3. 情态动词的具体用法
(1)表示命令语气：must，“（主观命令）必须”；mustn't，“不许”；can't，“不准”。
(2)表示建议语气：must，“一定”；should，“应该”；had better，“最好”；mustn't/can't，“千万别”；needn't，“没必要”。
(3)表示征求意见和请求许可（问句中）：
①Must I…？我必须……吗？回答：Yes，you must. /No, you needn't. /No, you don't have to.
②Can I…？我可以……吗？常用于朋友间，同学间等。回答：Yes，you can. /No，you can't.
③May I…？我可以……吗？常用于对长辈，陌生人的请求，比较有礼貌。回答：Yes，you may.／No，you can't/mustn't.
④Could. ，. ？表示有礼貌的请求，答语应用can。
(4)表示请求语气：Can/Could/Will/Would you…？你能……吗？
(5)表达意愿：would like to，“想要……”；would rather，“宁愿……”；would mind doing，“介意”。
(6)表示推测语气：must，“必定”，用于表示肯定的推测；could/might/may，“有可能”；can't，“不可能”，用于否定的推测中。
(7) shall的用法
shall常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中，表示请求，作肯定回答时，用“Yes，please.”；作否定回答时，用“No，thank you.”
在使用情态动词的过程中，注意以下几点：
1. can和be able to的用法比较：
can表示“能力；许可”，只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to表示“经过努力而能够做某事”，可用于多种时态。
2. must和have to的区别：
must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要：have to侧重于客观上的需要。
3. need后加to do说明need为实义动词，需借用助动词构成疑问句或否定句；若needn't后加do，则need为情态动词，此时由need引导的一般疑问句，若是肯定回答，不用need，用must。
4. 一般来说，could是can的过去式，但在某些场合下，could可以用来代替can，表示现在的情况，只是语气比can委婉，此时，若是用could来提问，回答时用can，而不用could。
5. may be和maybe
(1) may be意为“可能是，也许是”，由情态动词may+动词原形be构成，用在句申，作谓语。如：
--- Where's my key? --- It may be in your pocket.
——我的钥匙在哪？——也许在你口袋里。
(2) maybe为副词，意为“大概，也许”，作状语，相当于perhaps，用于句首。如：
Maybe he has gone abroad.也许他已出国了。
(3) maybe和may be可以互换，但要做些改变。如：
The film may be interesting.= Maybe the film is interesting. 这电话可能很有趣。
例题 The girl riding a horse there____ be Shirley. Her left leg was badly
hurt in an accident yesterday.
A. needn't B. may not C. can't D. mustn't
【解析】 C 考查情态动词辨析。needn't“不必”；may not“可能不”；can't“不能”；mustn't“不准”，表禁止。由“她昨天在一场事故中左腿严重受伤”可知，正在那儿骑马的女孩不可能是Shirley。表示否定推测用can't，故选C。
真题测试
测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分
1. --- Excuse me, is this the way to No. 10 Middle School?
--- Oh, sorry. I'm not sure. But it __________ be.
A. must B. should C. need D. may
2. People__________ drive after drinking alcohol(酒). It's against the law.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. couldn't D. wouldn't
3. --- You look pretty in green, Kate.
--- Thank you. I like green. Green give me energy.
A can B. must C. should D. has to
4. --- Mom, must I go shopping with you?
--- No, you ___________ . You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. mustn't
5. --- Must I finish all the homework this evening?
--- No, you ____________. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't
6. --- Look at the sign, it says "No parking' .You _________ park here!
--- Sorry, I didn't notice that sign just now.
A won't B needn't C. mustn't D. couldn't
7. You ___________write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy soon.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. can't
8. --- Must I dress up as the Monkey King?
--- No, you__________ . You can choose whatever you like.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
9. --- Who will give us the speech on public manners?
--- Mr Brown _________ , but I'm not sure.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
10. --- Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?
--- I'm not sure. I ___________ take a trip to Taiwan.
A. must B. need C. may D. should
11. --- I think we need to sit down and have a talk.
--- I ________ agree more. Let's take the bench over there.
A. could B. couldn't C. should D. shouldn't
12. We __________ wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
13. --- Jack, __________ you ride a bike?
--- Yes, I can.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
14. --- Mum, _________ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--- I'm afraid you can't. It is closed on Monday.
A must B. may C. should D. need
15. ---Is that man Mr Smith?
---It __________be him. He has gone to New York on business.
A may not B. needn't C. can't D. mustn't
16. It’s surprising that Mr Ma's little daughter_________ speak English so well.
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't
17. --- What's the matter with Tom? He has been absent for two days.
---Oh! He____________ be ill. Let's go and ask Ms Brown.
A. can B. need C. may D. would
18. There's an important football match today. I _____________ miss it.
A. may B. can't C. must D. needn't
19. Nathan likes his job because he _________enjoy the beauty of nature.
A. can B. must C. should D. is supposed to
20. Reading a large number of books __________ make us wiser. The more we read, the more we know.
A can B would C. need
21. Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _________ stop our car.
A. can B. can't C. must D. mustn't
22. Harry's been driving all day - he ___________ be tired.
A. need B. can C. shall D. must
23. ---I wonder if this smart phone is Mary's.
--- It ___________ belong to her. _________is totally different from this one.
A. mustn't; Her B. can't; Her C. can't; Hers D. may; Hers
24. Cars, buses, bikes and people ________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
A. can B. may C. must
25. As middle school students, we _______ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our
dreams come true
A. must B. shouldn't C. need
26. --- I have a serious headache. __________ I go to school?
--- No, you needn't.
A. Must B. Can C. Should D. May
27. --- I have been to the moon twice.
--- You ____________ be joking! It's impossible!
A. can B. may C. must D. need
28. --- Mr Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday?
--- No, you ____________. I have asked Kate to do it.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
29. Nowadays all passengers _________ go through safety check before they take a train.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
30. The green dictionary ___________ belong to_________ . Her name is on it.
A may; Carla's B must; Carla C. can't; Carla D. must; Carla's
31. --- Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
--- I'm not sure. I _________go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
32. --- May I take this magazine out of the reading room?
--- No, you ____________ . You read it in here.
A mightn't B won't C. needn't D. mustn't
33. ---__________I know by what time you want the project to be done?
--- By the day after tomorrow. _________ you finish it on time?
A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would
34. --- Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer?
--- Sorry. You_________ return it today.
A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't
35. --- I'd like a pet, but I am busy all day.
--- Goldfish are a good choice. You ___________ feed them every day.
A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. needn't
36. There's no light on – they _________be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
37. --- Life gets easier with the Internet.
--- That's true! Almost everything __________ be done online.
A. can B. need C. must D. should
38. --- Is David coming by train?
--- He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
39. --- Why did you pull the girl?
---You see, traffic was so busy that anything _________happen to her at that moment.
A. could B. should C. may D. must
40. --- How nice that Lucy has been invited to the party too!
--- Well, Lucy________ not come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to.
A. might B. would C. must D. need
模拟测试
测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分
1. ---____________ I know by what time you want the project to be done?
--- By the day after tomorrow. _________you finish it on time?
A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would
2. My father is a doctor. He often says, "You _______ be too careful as a doctor.”
A. mustn't B. can't C. aren't D. don't
3. ---Mum, must I stay there the whole day?
--- No, you _________. You may come back after lunch, if you like.
A. can't B. won't C. needn't D. mustn't
4. --- Can the man in a black coat be Jack's father?
--- It ________ be him, Jack said his father had gone to he USA a day before.
A mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. won't
5. There are no people in the hotel. It ________ have the friendliest service.
A. can't B. must C. may D. needn't
6. ---I hear you've got a new novel. __________ I have a look?
--- Yes, certainly.
A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should
7. ---Shall I tell him about the change of the timetable right now?
---I am afraid you _________ ,so that he won't come late for the meeting.
A. will B. must C. may D. can
8. ---_________you pass me the salt?
--- Here you are. But you___________ eat too much salt.
A. Could; must B. Could; mustn't C. May; mustn't D. May; must
9. ---Must I finish writing the report today?
---No. You ________ if you have something else to do.
A. can't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. don't have to
10. ---________ you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.
--- Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.
A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might
11. ---There's somebody at the door. Who _______ it be? Is it the postman?
--- No, it __________ be him. It's just seven o'clock It's too early.
A. may; can't B. will; won't C may; mustn't D. must; may not
12. --- Must I finish my work today?
--- No, you _________. You may go on with your work tomorrow.
A can't B. may not C. needn't D. mustn't
13. We __________use mobile phones when the plane takes off.
A. may not B. shouldn't C. needn't D. mustn't
14. The man is feeling much better now, so you ______ call a doctor.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
15. --- Advertisements sometimes help people learn more about new products.
--- But at times ads ____________ tell lies.
A. must B. can C. need D. should
16. ---Ann, are you hurrying out?
---I ____________ go now or I'II be late for the meeting.
A. must B. can C. needn't D. don't have to
17. If you _________go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. must B. can C. will D. may
18. ---I forgot to bring my e-dictionary. Could I use yours?
--- Yes, you ___________.
A. can B. must C. could D. should
19. ---Where is Jackie? I want to tell him about the result of the drawing competition.
---- Oh, you ___________. He has known it already.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
20. --- There were already five people in the taxi, but the driver managed to take me as well.
--- I see. It _______ be an uncomfortable journey.
A. can't B. shouldn't C. must D. need
21. --- Is there a basketball match between the Lakers and the Huston Rockets this evening?
--- There _________ be. I'll phone the gym and find it out.
A. might B. would C. must D. can
22. ---Will your mother be at home this Saturday?
--- Hard to say. She _______ go to the countryside to see my grandparents.
A. must B. may C. can D. would
23. --- May I go swimming alone this afternoon, Dad?
--- No, you ____________. It is dangerous.
A. may not B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't
24. --- Can children under the age often ride bicycles in your city?
---No, according to the law, they ___________.
A. may not B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
25. ---You don't have to take a raincoat. It isn't going to rain.
--- Well, I am not sure. It__________ do.
A. must B. may C. need D. would
26. ---I'm sorry to hear that many students in poor areas ______afford their school lunch.
---- Don't worry! The government is trying to help them.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
27. --- Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.
--- No, he _________ , because he didn't know my address.
A. couldn't B. can't C. mustn't D. may not
28. ---Can l wear any clothes I like to school?
--- No, you can't. You _______ wear a uniform.
A. might B. must C. will D. would
29. --- Are you going to Beijing by plane?
--- It's fast, but expensive. So I am not sure. I __________ take a train.
A. should B. may C. must D. will
30. You _______ drive your car so fast. It's very dangerous.
A. wouldn't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. had to
31. Although you did well this time, you ______ look down on others.
A. had better B. ought to C. shouldn't D. wouldn't
32. ---____________you help me to repair this MP4 player, Jim?
--- OK. Let me have a look.
A. Must B. Shall C. Need D. Could
33. In order to support his two sons to go to college, the man _______work day and night.
A. must B. could C. had to D. might
34. --- Must I go to the teacher's office?
--- No, you____________.
A. mustn't B. can't C. couldn't D. needn't
35. ---Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it?
--- It ___________ be Rick's. It has his name on it.
A. mustn't B. can't C. must D. need
36. ---I can't stop smoking, doctor.
--- For your health, I'm afraid you________ .
A. may B. can C. have to D. need
37. Study hard, or you _______ catch up with the classmates.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
38. --- Is Maria knocking at the door?
--- It ________ be her. She is in Australia now.
A. may not B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't
39. Tom, you ___________ play with the knife. You _________ hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; should
40. ---Oil is everywhere in this store, so you __________know smoking is forbidden here.
---- I'm sorry.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
答案：
真题测试
1-5. DAAAB 6-10. CADDC 11-15. BAABC
16-20. BCBAA 21-25. CDCCB 26-30. ACCCB
31-35. CDAAD 36-40. AADAA
模拟测试
1-5. ABCBA 6-10. ABBDB 11-15. ACDBB
16-20. AAACC 21-25. ABCCB 26-30. AABBB
31-35. CDCDC 36-40. CADBC
