Unit 5 工作与职业
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The study raises the possibility(可能性) that dieting is bad for your health.
2.The Center offers programs designed to challenge(挑战) and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.(2018·北京)
3.Students are encouraged to take control(控制) of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
4.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake(承担) voluntary work and what keeps their interest in the work.
5.In order to impress at a job interview，you need to bond with the interviewer(主持面试者) right away.
6.Catherine was supposed to go with me.But she may have to work extra(额外的) hours tomorrow.
7.Any given performance(表演)takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers，musicians，or writers to create an appealing piece of art.
8.I paused to catch my breath and then positioned(使自己站在……) myself to take the best photo of this panorama.(2017·天津)
9.A recommendation letter is often your earliest written contact with a potential(潜在的) employer, creating a critical first impression.
10.The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July in order to promote(推动) the development of robotics.(2018·天津)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The appointment(appoint) was given to Tom，mainly for political reasons.
2.Painters，digital media experts，photographers，booking agents and promoters are hired(hire) to sell tickets and promote the event.(2018·江苏)
3.Medium color choices are generally(general) furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
4.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment(employ) in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.(2018·北京)
5.Becky,12 at the time，adjusted(adjust) to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.
6.He’s been given six months to live if he doesn’t quit drinking(drink).
7.The architecture(architect) in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new.
8.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
9.They also provide educational(educate) programs on fire safety in the residence halls.
(2018·天津)
10.Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design) approach this important point.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1. by his last letter，she must be from Shanghai.
2.Stern put Travis in the charge of the research team.
3.All traffic controllers are threatening to go on a strike.
4.I’m looking forward to the art gallery next week.
5.Our teacher required that we attention to our handwriting.
Ⅳ.选词填空
1.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China.(2018·北京)
2.As we look ahead，let’s remember what in the end we’re working to achieve.
3.I was occupied with going over my lessons for my final exam when he phoned to invite me out for dinner.
4.Within a short time，however，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.
5.I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean floor.(2016·浙江)
6.Such is Dad—whatever problem he meets with，he never gives up.
7.Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.
8.The factory laid off 100 workers last month because of the bad situation.
Ⅴ.同义词语替换
1.Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work.musical ability
2.Owens came in and took control of the situation.took charge of
3.Space exploration may help us avoid possible issues on earth.potential problems
4.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.cooperation
5.The questions in a job interview are usually designed to find out how the candidates handle the tricky situations in the past.deal with
6.He always dreams of becoming an expert in the field of agriculture.in the area of
(1)The new technology，if applied(apply) to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.
(2)Applicants(apply) are required to have a degree in dance area，teaching experience at a professional or college level，ability to direct and teach stage movement.(2018·河南南阳模拟)
(3)He has applied to the school for scholarship.
[句式升级]
(4)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.
①Applying yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Apply yourself to the job in hand，and you’ll soon finish it.(用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”改写)
(1)The manager appointed him to receive(receive) the businessman.
(2)They ignored the appointed(appoint) time and left their homes only after the fixed time.
(3) —Good morning，Mr Lee’s office.
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
(2018·北京)
(4)A new engineer was appointed(appoint) to deal with the products returned by customers.
(2018·北京西城区模拟)
[句式升级]
(5)He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a speech on the platform now.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Appointed as president of the university yesterday，he is giving a speech on the platform now.
易错点拨
表示委任某人担任某职务时，要分清两种情况：
(1)若指的是抽象的职位(如position，office，presidency，chairmanship等)，则用“appoint sb. to＋抽象职位”。
(2)若指的是具体的某职位(如headmaster，manager，chairman，president等)，则用“appoint sb. (to be/as)＋具体职位”。如：Who shall we appoint (to be/as) chairman of the club？＝Who shall we appoint to the chairmanship of the club？我们派谁担任俱乐部的主席呢？
(1)The company’s earnings(earn) have dropped by 5% in the first quarter.
公司第一季度的利润下降了5%。
(2)He used to earn his living by fishing.
他过去靠打渔为生。
(3)His honesty has earned him respect.
他的诚实已经为他自己赢得了尊敬。
(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.
(2)John has been out of employment(失业) for three years.
[句式升级]
(3)He was employed in reading and he didn’t see Tom come in.
①Employed in reading，he didn’t see Tom come in.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Employing himself in reading，he didn’t see Tom come in.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
(1)At work，it is IQ that gets you hired(hire) but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
(2)There is a growing tendency among employers to hire(hire) casual staff.
(3)There were motorcycles for hire.
(1)On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)He has been informed(inform) that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏)
(3)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about(通知我们……) his delay in case we got worried.
(4)[同义句改写] He informed the company of the ship’s safe arrival.(改为复合句)
→He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely.
易错点拨
inform后不接双宾语，也不用于inform sth. to sb. 。要表示“告诉某人某事”，通常用inform sb. of/about sth. 。inform的宾语通常只能是人，所以当后接从句时，其前的sb. 不能省略。
(1)She worked hard and was promoted(promote) from a saleswoman to a middle manager.
(2)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中promote的汉语意思
(3)They are promoting their new products on television. A
A.推销；促销 B.促进 C.提升
(1)Can you recommend a good dictionary to me?
(2)I would never recommend using(use) a sunbed on a regular basis.
(3)I will be glad if you can consider my recommendation(recommend).
[一句多译]
(4)我建议他买这本书。
①I recommend him to buy this book.
②I recommend that he (should) buy this book.
[同义句改写]
(5)What is recommended in the regulation is that one should not tell other people the password of his/her e-mail account.
→It is recommended in the regulation that one should not tell other people the password of his/her e-mail account.
(1)It’s important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly(responsible).
(2)It was her responsibility that all members (should) be informed(inform).
(3)[同义句改写] We are the ones who are responsible for our life and future.
→We are the ones who take responsibility for our life and future.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中responsible的汉语意思
(4)The chemical is directly responsible for those deaths. C
A.尽责的 B.懂道理的 C.引起……的
易错点拨
responsibility后接that从句时，从句通常要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do。
(1)The minimum requirement(require) for the post was a degree in engineering.
(2)They were required to give(give) quick responses.
(3)His house requires repairing/to be repaired(repair).
(4)It is required that all members (should) be(be) present.
(5)The new task requires hard efforts of us.
易错点拨
(1)require表示“需要”，接含有被动意义的非谓语动词时，不定式用被动结构，而动名词用主动结构，即require to be done或require doing。
(2)require后的宾语从句，requirement后的表语从句、同位语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用(should) do形式。
(1)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people quit smoking(smoke).
医生正在做研究，以找出人们戒烟时身体会发生什么。
(2)The boy quitted school and found a job to support his family.
那个男孩辍学了，找了份工作养家。
(3)He said that if he quit the job，he would lose his drive to work and succeed.(2018·浙江)
他说如果辞职，他就会失去工作和取得成功的动力。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中quit的汉语意思
(4)He quitted Paris after a month. C
A.中断 B.偿清 C.离开
易错点拨
quit后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。
(1)Teaching and doing housework keep her occupied(occupy) every day.
(2)I suppose I was looking for an occupation(occupy) which was going to be an adventure.
(3)[一句多译] 当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。
①When I came in，the students were occupied with/(in) doing their homework.(occupied)
②When I came in，the students were occupying themselves with/(in) doing their homework.(occupy)
③When I came in，the students were busy with/(in) doing their homework.(busy)
(1)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.I’m looking forward to receiving(receive) your earliest reply.
(2)The day that he had been looking forward to came(come) at last.
(3)He looked forward to see(see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd.
[根据语境用take短语的正确形式填空]
(1)She took up the story where Tim had left off.
(2)Don’t be taken in by the advertisement.It doesn’t tell the truth.
(3)Last year，his son took over the family business after his death.
(4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
(5)She really takes after her mother.They seem like sisters.
(6)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
(1)She is charged with murdering her husband./She is accused of murdering her husband.
(2)He charged me 20 yuan for the postcard.
(3)[同义句改写] Mr Bell is in charge of the class.
①The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class作主语改写)
②Mr Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)
易错点拨
类似in charge of，in the charge of的短语：
(1)I will appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
如果你能在你方便的时候尽快给我回信我将不胜感激。
(2)You can depend/rely on it that he will complete the task on time.
你要相信他会按时完成任务的。
(1)He does enjoy listening to classical music.
他的确喜欢听古典音乐。
(2)Do come this evening.
今天晚上一定要来呀。
(3)He did write to you last week.
上周他的确给你写信了。
(2017·浙江)
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
·When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” 32
·Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
·Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Don’t get discouraged.
· 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won’t be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
·If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don’t leave work without them.
A.Limit your time.
B.As you approach people，be polite.
C.If you don’t own a camera，you can buy one.
D.For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.
E.To get good and useful results，ask them the same question.
F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G.With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
31.答案 D
解析 解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的But以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事。选项D “对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。
32.答案 G
解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think...？”，选项G中“With a question like this”中的question指的就是这个问句。
33.答案 B
解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的“Excuse me”以及“I was wondering if you could...”都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。
34.答案 A
解析 解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。故选项A符合语境。
35.答案 F
解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F “这一数量的采访应该能给你所需要的全部答案”中的“That number of interviews”与空格前的“A safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)”前后照应。
Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络
通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了进行街头随机采访的若干技巧。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。
本文采取的是“总——分”结构形式：第一段提出论点：街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。后面几段是作者提出的五条建议的具体内容。
Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.
句式分析：该句是一个复合句，其中in which引导的是一个定语从句。
翻译：街头采访是指记者带着一名摄影师在街头随机采访。
Ⅲ.词汇积累
1.the man-on-the-street interview街头采访
2.tip n.建议
3.story n.新闻报道
4.think about考虑，思索
5.topic n.主题
6.relate to与……有关
7.environmental protection环境保护
8.warm up(使)活跃起来，(使)热情起来
段首设空并不难，找准主题句是关键
本文34题属于七选五阅读题中最常见的在段首设空的题目，那么选择的通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A项为本段主题句。
当七选五阅读题在句首设空时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1.属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾能够有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种衔接手段，尤其是当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间、年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 61.greater(great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62.achievement(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63.is(be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64.on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 65.as possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66.studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67.regularly(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68.a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you’ll be less likely 69.to bring(bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is,70.make(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
61.答案 greater
解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
62.答案 achievement
解析 考查名词的用法。固定表达sense of achievement“成就感”。
63.答案 is
解析 考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词作主语时谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。
64.答案 on
解析 考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on“专心于，集中于”。
65.答案 as
解析 考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早点儿开始，在午餐前尽可能地做到高效。固定表达as...as possible“尽可能……”。
66.答案 studies
解析 考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。
67.答案 regularly
解析 考查副词的用法。如果我们定时短暂休息的话。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故要用副词形式。
68.答案 a
解析 考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。固定表达for a while“一会儿”。
69.答案 to bring
解析 考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do...“很可能做某事”。
70.答案 make
解析 考查祈使句。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。
Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络
通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应该如何合理地释放这些压力。内容涉及优先处理最重要的事情；上午尽量保持高效；工作期间定时短暂休息等。在解题时紧紧围绕这条主线，速读全文，掌握大意，理顺逻辑，然后细读文章做题。
文章的脉络如下：
Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析
It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
句式分析：该句是一个but连接的并列句，在第二个分句中whatever引导一个让步状语从句。
翻译：这可能是任何事情——园艺劳动、做饭、听音乐、体育锻炼——但是无论是什么，切记从日常压力中解脱出来而不是去担心另一件事。
Ⅲ.词汇积累
1.feel stressed感到有压力
2.responsibility n.责任
3.task n.任务
4.a sense of achievement成就感
5.be focused on专心于，集中于
6.productive adj.具有创造性的，效率高的
7.as...as possible尽可能……
8.get through度过
9.take short breaks 短暂休息
10.be likely to do...很可能做某事
有根可寻——攻克提示类语法填空
1.括号内提供的是动词
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。
(1)若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。
(2)若句中已有谓语动词，但所填词不是并列谓语动词时，就要填所给动词的非谓语动词形式；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式，v.-ed形式，还是不定式形式。确定的方法主要有：①作主语或宾语时，通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。②作伴随状语时，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词(v.-ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(v.-ed)。③作目的状语、形容词后的状语时，一般用不定式。
2.括号内提供的是形容词或副词
(1)如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。
(2)有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词形式或否定含义。
(3)比较等级
通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。
3.括号内提供的是名词
(1)如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记考虑名词是否变复数。
(2)当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词、副词、动词等。
4.词性转换题
词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：
(1)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也可以是动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。
(2)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
(3)作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词或动名词形式。
(4)在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(＋形容词)”后，用名词形式。
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
本篇是一篇书信类的应用文，要求是以李华的身份给外教Ms Jenkins 写一封信，请她帮助修改自己的申请书和个人简历。文章没有给出开头和结尾，所以要注意书信的格式，包括称呼语、正文以及结束语等。写作时一般现在时、一般将来时以及现在完成时要交替使用，人称以第一人称为主。
第二步 确定段落
写这篇文章时，可分三段来写：
第一段：告知Ms Jenkins自己的计划并寻求她的帮助；
第二段：详细描述自己的计划，并请Ms Jenkins修改自己的申请书和个人简历；
第三段：再次客气地请求帮助。
第三步 提炼要点
1.即将到来的暑假the coming summer vacation
2.减轻某人的负担reduce one’s burden
3.一份兼职工作a part-time job
4.申请表/信application form
5.个人简历personal resume
6.吸引某人的眼球catch one’s eye
7.参考/查阅refer to
8.改正错误correct mistakes
9.如果您能帮我……，我将不胜感激I’d appreciate it if you could help me...
10.盼望……look forward to...
第四步 句式升级
1.我想到一家外资公司找一份兼职工作以便挣点额外的钱来减轻家庭负担。
(一般表达)I want to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden.
(句式升级)In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden，I’d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job.
2.如果您能帮助我修改它们我将不胜感激。
(一般表达)I’d be grateful to you if you could help me.
(句式升级)I’d appreciate it if you could help me revise them.
连句成篇
Dear Ms Jenkins，
I want to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I’m writing to ask you for some help.
In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden，I’d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job.I’ve finished the application form and personal resume.But I’m not sure if they are written well enough to catch their eye.Please refer to the attachments which include the application form and resume.You can correct any mistakes you find in them.
I’d appreciate it if you could help me revise them.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
话题：工作与职业 难度星级：☆
(2018·黑龙江大庆质检一)
Visitor Code of Conduct
If you believe someone is violating these rules，or you need assistance，please notify security by dialing 7363 on the hospital phones or 813-844-7363 on your mobile phone.Security is available at all times.
Waiting areas are monitored at all times by a security video camera.
1.Before you visit a unit in the hospital，what should you do?
A.You should make an appointment.
B.You should ask permission from the doctor.
C.You should check the visiting policy.
D.You should have your clothes disinfected.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Please ask a staff member about the policy on the unit you wish to visit.”可知，在去看望病人之前，你应该咨询一下工作人员了解探视的政策。
2.What are visitors allowed to do according to the code?
A.Touch patient’s equipment.
B.Visit patients in groups of two.
C.Stay overnight in the waiting room.
D.Change into slippers in the patient’s room.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“Visitors are limited to two per patient each time.”可知，每次限两人探视病人。
3.What can be concluded from the text?
A.Children can go to any unit if they are supervised.
B.If you seem to be ill，you can still visit unless it is infectious.
C.Visitors who break the rules will not be allowed to visit again.
D.You can ask for security’s help at any time.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段最后一句“Security is available at all times.”可知，如有安全问题可以随时求助。
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·河南适应性测试)
I started out on my life with few advantages.I did not graduate from high school.I worked at menial(枯燥的) jobs.I had limited education，limited skills and a limited future.
And then I began asking，“Why are some people more successful than others？” This question changed my life.
Over the years，I have read thousands of books and articles on the subjects of success and achievement.It seems that one quality that most philosophers，teachers and experts agree on is self-discipline(自律).
Some years ago，I attended a conference in Washington.It was the lunch break and I was eating at a nearby food fair.The area was crowded and I sat down at the last open table by myself，even though it was a table for four.A few minutes later，an old gentleman came along carrying a tray of food，obviously looking for a place to sit.With plenty of room at my table，I immediately arose and invited the old gentleman to join me.We began to chat over lunch.
It turned out that his name was Kop Kopmeyer.As it happened，I immediately knew who he was.He was a legend(传奇) in the field of success and achievement.Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books.I had read all four books from cover to cover，more than once.
After we had chatted for a while，I asked him the question that many people in this situation would ask，“Of all the one thousand success principles that you have discovered，which do you think is the most important？”
He smiled at me with a twinkle in his eyes，as if he had been asked this question many times，and replied，without hesitation，“The most important success principle of all was stated by Thomas Huxley many years ago.He said，‘Do what you should do，when you should do it，whether you feel like it or not.’”
He went on to say，“There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and experience，but without self-discipline，none of them work.”
4.Why did the writer ask the question in Paragraph 2?
A.He wasn’t satisfied with himself.
B.He was a person of self-discipline.
C.He disliked those successful people.
D.He wanted to share his idea on success.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者没有高文凭，没有体面的工作等，由此可知作者对自己不满意。
5.What made the writer invite the old gentleman to join him?
A.His great kindness.
B.The gentleman’s fame.
C.His eagerness for success.
D.The gentleman’s good manners.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，作者在看到老人找座位时，主动邀请老人和自己一起坐，由此可以推断出作者是一个善良的人。
6.What are the four large books probably about?
A.Personal changes.
B.Sayings of wisdom.
C.The gentleman’s legend.
D.The secret of success.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段第三句和第四句可知，这个老人在成功和成就方面是个传奇人物，而且写了四本书。由此可以推断这四本书可能是关于成功的。故选D项。
7.What’s the best title for the text?
A.The Magic of Reading
B.An Unexpected Conversation
C.The Power of Self-discipline
D.A Question That Changed My Life
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据第三段第二句和最后一段可知，成功的原则有很多，但是如果没有了自律，其他的原则都无法起作用，由此可以推知本文的主题是强调自律的力量。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
While there are a few ways to make use of your old smartphone，one of the better ways is to convert it into a dash cam(行车记录仪) that you can use on your bicycle.With the camera，you can record your rides，which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle.
To use your smartphone as a dash cam on your bike，you will need to make sure it is properly secured to your bike.To do this correctly，you must take two strips of heavy-duty Velcro (a kind of cloth used as fastening) along with two pipe clamps(管夹) and a flat corner brace(角撑) to properly attach it.You will start by attaching the corner brace to your smartphone.
Next，attach a Velcro strip to your phone’s back.You will put the second strip on the end of the brace corner and cut any extra Velcro off and away from the brace.By using heavy-duty Velcro，you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose.The corner brace must be attached to the bicycle directly.
Take two pipe clamps so you can attach the part of the corner brace that is untouched so the phone can be held up and used.The pipe clamps must be positioned near the center of the handlebar，which will enable you to get a better picture when videotaping.
To run a dash cam app on your old phone，you will not need WiFi.You will just need to download a dash cam app onto the old phone.You will then just start the app at any time you head out on the road.There is always the chance of flaws，but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly，eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam.
8.What is the purpose of building a dash cam on your bike?
A.To make full use of an old smartphone.
B.To record the scenery while travelling.
C.To reduce an unexpected crash on the road.
D.To avoid unnecessary arguments in an accident.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With the camera，you can record your rides，which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle.”可知，在自行车上装行车记录仪的目的是为了避免在事故中出现争论。故选D。
9.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The bike.
B.The pipe clamp.
C.The smartphone.
D.The flat corner brace.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据本段第一句“To use your smartphone as a dash cam on your bike，you will need to make sure it is properly secured to your bike.”可知，这里的it代指前句中的smartphone，故选C。
10.What can we learn about a Velcro strip?
A.It will fix the camera firmly.
B.It is better to keep it as long as possible.
C.It is important for the flat corner brace.
D.It is best put in the center of the smartphone.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“By using heavy-duty Velcro，you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose.”可知，尼龙搭扣带是用来牢固地固定照相机的。故选A。
11.What can be inferred about the DIY dash cam from the last paragraph?
A.It is a perfect alternative to a purchased one.
B.It is beneficial to environment in some way.
C.It is a much more demanding job for the user.
D.It makes its owner friendly to other people.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段特别是最后一句“There is always the chance of flaws，but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly，eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam.”可知充分利用旧手机是一种环保的方式。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
In any college application process，the interview is very important.
A quick look at interview tips will tell you to smile，make eye contact, and shake the interviewer’s hand firmly. 12
So，what should you do?
The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university. 13
14 Interviewers are constantly surprised by how many really smart and hardworking students do so little research before they go into their interview.You should，for example，find out where your interviewer is from，what he or she studies，and maybe even find publications he or she has written.This can be done easily by searching for a few minutes online.
More importantly，you should do a lot of research on the university beyond simply knowing its ranking in league tables.Interviewers hate it when you say you want to go to their university just because it’s famous. 15 After all，you would want this school to choose you over another excellent student.
Finally，make sure you “do your homework”.If you’re interested in biology，be sure to know the biology professors’ names.If you’re interested in hiking and camping，be sure to know the name of the outdoors club at the school. 16
A.Remember that preparation is the key.
B.They will lead to your success in the interview.
C.That means it’s important to succeed as socially well-adjusted.
D.First of all，dress appropriately to leave a good impression.
E.Tie your interests and goals to what the school in particular has to offer.
F.Unfortunately，few tell you what it is that the interviewer is really looking for.
G.Instead，you should explain why you chose it over other great universities.
12.答案 F
解析 前文讲到，快速了解一下面试建议会让你知道在面试时要微笑、要进行眼神交流并要与面试官真诚握手。后文又提到，那么，你应该怎么做呢？由此可知，此处应有意义上的转折。结合选项可知，F项(但不幸的是，很少会有人告诉你面试官真正想要的是什么)符合此处语境。
13.答案 C
解析 根据空前一句“The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university.”可知，面试官必须判断你是否适合该大学；结合选项可知，C项(那意味着在社交适应性方面的成功很重要)符合此处语境，且C项中的well-adjusted与上文中的fit相呼应。
14.答案 A
解析 根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是，在面试之前，应进行些调研，比如了解面试官来自何处、面试官的研究领域等，故A项(记住，准备是关键)符合本段语境。
15.答案 G
解析 空前一句讲到，面试官讨厌你说你选择去他们这所大学是因为它很有名；空后一句讲到，毕竟，你希望这所学校选择你而非其他优秀的学生。因此此处应说明正确做法。故G项(相反，你应该解释为什么你选择这所大学而非其他的优秀大学)符合此处语境。
16.答案 E
解析 前文讲到，如果你对生物感兴趣，一定要知道生物教授的名字；如果你喜欢徒步旅行和露营，一定要知道这所学校的户外俱乐部的名称；结合选项可知，E项(将你的爱好和目标与这所学校特别提供的内容联系在一起)符合语境。
