2018年文科数学全国三卷

2018年数学试题 文(全国卷3

一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60在每小题给的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的.

1已知集合word/media/image1_1.pngword/media/image2_1.png,则

Aword/media/image4_1.png Bword/media/image5_1.png Cword/media/image6_1.png Dword/media/image7_1.png

2

Aword/media/image9_1.png B Cword/media/image11_1.png D

3中国古建筑借助榫卯将木构件连接起来,构件的凸出部分叫棒头,凹进部分叫卯眼,图中木构件右边的小长方体是棒头若如图摆放的木构件与某一带卯眼的木构件咬合成长方体,则咬合时带卯眼的木构件的俯视图可以是 4word/media/image15_1.png,则word/media/image16_1.png

Aword/media/image17_1.png Bword/media/image18_1.png C Dword/media/image20_1.png

5若某群体中的成员只用现金支付的概率为0.45,既用现金支付也用非现金支付的概率为0.15,则不用现金支付的概率为

A0.3 B0.4 C0.6 D0.7

6函数 的最小正周期为

Aword/media/image22_1.png B Cword/media/image24_1.png Dword/media/image25_1.png

7下列函数中,其图像与函数word/media/image26_1.png的图像关于直线word/media/image27_1.png对称的是

Aword/media/image28_1.png Bword/media/image29_1.png C Dword/media/image31_1.png

8直线分别与word/media/image33_1.png轴,轴交于word/media/image35_1.pngword/media/image36_1.png两点,点word/media/image37_1.png在圆word/media/image38_1.png上,则word/media/image39_1.png面积的取值范围是

Aword/media/image40_1.png B Cword/media/image42_1.png D

9函数word/media/image44_1.png的图像大致为

10已知双曲线word/media/image46_1.png)的离心率为word/media/image47_1.png,则点word/media/image48_1.pngword/media/image49_1.png的渐近线的距离为

A Bword/media/image51_1.png C Dword/media/image53_1.png

11的内角word/media/image55_1.pngword/media/image56_1.pngword/media/image57_1.png的对边分别为word/media/image58_1.pngword/media/image59_1.pngword/media/image60_1.png的面积为word/media/image62_1.png,则

Aword/media/image64_1.png B Cword/media/image66_1.png Dword/media/image67_1.png

12word/media/image68_1.pngword/media/image69_1.pngword/media/image70_1.pngword/media/image71_1.png是同一个半径为4的球的球面上四点,为等边三角形且其面积为word/media/image73_1.png,则三棱锥体积的最大值为

Aword/media/image75_1.png B Cword/media/image77_1.png Dword/media/image78_1.png

二、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)

13已知向量word/media/image79_1.pngword/media/image80_1.pngword/media/image81_1.pngword/media/image82_1.png,则________

14某公司有大量客户,且不同年龄段客户对其服务的评价有较大差异为了解客户的评价,该公司准

备进行抽样调查,可供选择的抽样方法有简单随机抽样、分层抽样和系统抽样,则最合适的抽样方法是

________

15若变量word/media/image84_1.png满足约束条件word/media/image86_1.png的最大值是________

16已知函数word/media/image88_1.png,则word/media/image89_1.png________

三、解答题(共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤,第17~31题为必考题,每个试

考生都必须作答,第2223题为选考题,考生根据要求作答

(一)必考题:共60分。

1712分)

等比数列word/media/image90_1.png中,word/media/image91_1.png

⑴求的通项公式;

⑵记word/media/image93_1.png的前项和word/media/image96_1.png,求

1812分)

某工厂为提高生产效率,开展技术创新活动,提出了完成某项生产任务的两种新的生产方式为比较两

种生产方式的效率,选取40名工人,将他们随机分成两组,每组20人,第一组工人用第一种生产方式,

第二组工人用第二种生产方式根据工人完成生产任务的工作时间(单位:min)绘制了如下茎叶图:

⑴根据茎叶图判断哪种生产方式的效率更高?并说明理由;

⑵求40名工人完成生产任务所需时间的中位数word/media/image98_1.png,并将完成生产任务所需时间超过和不超过word/media/image100_1.png的工人数填入下面的列联表:

⑶根据⑵中的列表,能否有99%的把握认为两种生产方式的效率有差异?

附:word/media/image103_1.png

1912分)

如图,矩形word/media/image105_1.png所在平面与半圆弧所在平面垂直,word/media/image107_1.png上异于word/media/image109_1.png的点

⑴证明:平面word/media/image110_1.png平面word/media/image111_1.png

⑵在线段word/media/image112_1.png上是否存在点word/media/image113_1.png,使得word/media/image114_1.png平面?说明理由

2012分)

已知斜率为word/media/image116_1.png的直线与椭圆word/media/image118_1.png交于word/media/image120_1.png两点线段word/media/image121_1.png的中点为word/media/image122_1.png

⑴证明:word/media/image123_1.png

⑵设word/media/image124_1.pngword/media/image125_1.png的右焦点,word/media/image127_1.png上一点,证明:word/media/image129_1.png

2112分)

已知函数

⑴求由线word/media/image131_1.png在点word/media/image132_1.png处的切线方程;

⑵证明:当word/media/image133_1.png时,word/media/image134_1.png

(二)选考题:共10分,请考生在第2223题中任选一题作答。如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分

22[选修44:坐标系与参数方程]10分)

在平面直角坐标系word/media/image136_1.png中,的参数方程为word/media/image138_1.png为参数),过点word/media/image140_1.png且倾斜角为的直线word/media/image142_1.pngword/media/image143_1.png交于word/media/image144_1.png两点

⑴求word/media/image145_1.png的取值范围;

⑵求word/media/image146_1.png中点word/media/image147_1.png的轨迹的参数方程

23[选修45:不等式选讲]10分)

设函数

⑴画出word/media/image149_1.png的图像;

⑵当 word/media/image151_1.png,求word/media/image152_1.png的最小值

参考答案

一、选择题

1答案:C

解答:∵aba2987b49e3c2935d225f8ce135df55.pngc9247407cc142f60ec32c87ff36f7bcc.png,∴fc60c2014e591795b44079f4f37753cc.png.故选C.

2答案D

解答53e7a6fc80b576b775e8201fcaad6607.pngD.

3答案:A

解答根据题意,A选项符号题意;

4答案:B

解答:03b69bf6dd82dcdb7839fc5cf6d23fee.png.故选B.

5.答案B

解答:由题意9af757bc67448cbe958529f2314a3bba.png.故选B.

6.答案C

解答

8fce5883cb13b8f4546ed751ac8dad0c.png

50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png的周期274bc9fda6097adacfcbe19e36cfbe1b.png.故选C.

7.答案B

解答50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png关于a255512f9d61a6777bd5a304235bd26d.png对称,则9536b175b3dc7aecec200f672fd9d059.png.故选B.

8答案A

解答

由直线d0131af79155ff003a5dd811c71194d2.pngfa46ca5616656c79eae6f349605f7353.png41841cd9ee26387c59ad3dc9b5eac080.png,圆b87ba37273613b5ea611bc14800516f9.png的圆心为d8888c9eb26f75e00c7f92f18903d91d.png圆心到直线d0131af79155ff003a5dd811c71194d2.png的距离为9695a4b710af9c467fd9288da02c1fa1.png44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png到直线d0131af79155ff003a5dd811c71194d2.png的距离的取值范围为bb46993c2ecf76065d9596cc98e35b27.png,即41b0b0bf1c59abd78f137c2ac379e3a2.png27d246e10f9354648027d60763645974.png.

9.答案D

解答

e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.png时,9830b0ed5a957ff5ebfc7624a5ed45c5.png,可以排除AB选项;

又因为5e607c647a1c4ea46742fb6d5589e159.png,则8baaf0ef5eac596ebf01a45909545fc1.png的解集为2947c1055efd6ee328a4ae36ecb18813.png50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png单调递增区间为a55ca5e0d3378d46b9970f83328b2be8.png4d38a34e2df4c8065af5b26d6e04f13a.png99300cb144197ff8dc44e17568431c8f.png的解集为09378ae878e4204b7cd8c94394315733.png50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png单调递减区间为96c016394a41601a95a26b22e7e6bf0c.png7cdaff643de6a36fae136b8436ab51a6.png.结合图象,可知D选项正确.

10.答案D

解答

由题意4a966ed51691d9ec37318a2d9a773f28.png,则d1b7ac8ea76b92c2de0812ed33f234f4.png,故渐近线方程为584d2f5ae2717cc6986a06c8df469415.png,则点031e74e0d97e47f6017b0c41d6958a08.png到渐近线的距离为714a0f1d8c30cd6501bf06c42e820569.png.故选D.

11.答案C

解答

5dfcdcb1cfaec62b5bad785f6cd1a6e2.png,又03616323e2cdd58e0383df47bb3b7ea3.png,故595f99ba66056caad20d4b8620c1e4de.png,∴ebf1172d2d2fca4635f288c10c4ef55f.png.故选C.

12.答案B

解答

如图,75b781a7c7441078ffd5053329c34092.png为等边三角形,点f186217753c37b9b9f958d906208506e.png7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29.png9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571.png0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.pngf623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5.png外接球的球心,dfcf28d0734569a6a693bc8194de62bf.png75b781a7c7441078ffd5053329c34092.png的重心ae496dfe7556533f2a7f299120221cd2.png,得756808b6625c5909a3444ed3d81b7dd6.png,取f85b7b377112c272bc87f3e73f10508d.png的中点c1d9f50f86825a1a2302ec2449c17196.png6b34a4ae1584b2201034d47b95d8f624.pngbc64de5f0f402d64bf2bc8d6a57a8fc9.png∴球心f186217753c37b9b9f958d906208506e.png到面902fbdd2b1df0c4f70b4a5d23525e932.png的距离为26970b721c895c67d5547abdea2c07ea.png三棱锥33b5ac052cc5242019727b2c94278654.png体积最大值d096a10410e41e479a1130cd4ece1128.png.

二、填空题

13.答案93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png

解答

57e803ead15817bfc05371adfd663eae.png,∵88771f776b4ad9334338a8845c4a69ab.png,∴3a27914e266a2278875145bed668ff31.png,解得f80bb9c5ecfb4dbe6a7c2133a37ea671.png.

14.答案:分层抽样

解答由题意,不同龄段客户对其服务的评价有较大差异,故采取分层抽样法.

15.答案eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3.png

解答

由图可知在直线c5f0f45ff32981361d92625432de7ef7.png566162f3afaf9f5f67e7d7ca7a4b424e.png的交点52053dc3ca4218b698d115408e557a44.png处取得最大值25eec3dc9cd8a931ea616d80b8ec4393.png.

16.答案02e3c1cfd03c87011d3b438dee3b08c4.png

解答3136c07743f93f5178eb535de535110d.png

3cc5684711b567677e48afad2ebfe8bf.png09c295d613b7d5bab8bba7e7ab399bb6.png

7f494b429290ee664d92db039c1505b1.png8923f3ae30d339775e49420be5a06333.png.

三、解答题

17答案:(1d367e4e96b95a62dce2096f3c0af4474.png10246d4a203b65fcf2b34e685eb99867.png;(21679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc.png.

解答:(1)设数列3d0299a906f22a56ae7e72f5cb3590bf.png的公比为7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.png,∴ab0a3e32f9854db88392363f227fbc67.png,∴f7fccd826291c242b82565cbd4c32e0d.png.

d367e4e96b95a62dce2096f3c0af4474.png10246d4a203b65fcf2b34e685eb99867.png.

2)由(1)知,1ebdbef4e2edf6449f828c1d14834a8b.png695284d89c6036ee69cfda2e07cb48d4.png

78ac02fa41fc9dc6677913a9672a98bd.png88ee681706e7cfae51d4ea864e9fb2cc.png(舍),

f711d4255917d40a68d272b8464223cc.png.

18

解答

1)第一种生产方式的平均数为3232eafdd9e52a8c73b8f14f4ae44b68.png,第二生产方式平均数80b1eb03a31c42ffa7f5cbeedf624893.png

55535bf4cd89fbc6b3b014d88b46e8f3.png,所以第一种生产方式完成任务的平均时间大于第二种,∴第二种生产方式的效率.

2)由茎叶图数据得到6c5b774d8b276a9b463662f3602d4be5.png列联表为

39f070abc46c2e0008695c5c32a009363.png052dc876aab54eb67279c4bb23f10aed.png

的把握认为两种生产方式的效率有差异.

19

解答1)∵正方形450a6a878da57702f09346aa81e76189.png半圆面a28966bac17b8eef99c5afa5eb594130.png

498391ca5279d62a4befa86cf59f67fd.png半圆面a28966bac17b8eef99c5afa5eb594130.png498391ca5279d62a4befa86cf59f67fd.png平面23d8bc2b33aa76cd40f661c9e181ef67.png.

707354872d4e8210a2a573b99721b1fb.png在平面23d8bc2b33aa76cd40f661c9e181ef67.png26f5f1955a23799e2fca49d6e3f5391b.png,又69691c7bdcc3ce6d5d8a1361f22d04ac.png半圆弧4170acd6af571e8d0d59fdad999cc605.png上异于bb519c9957fe4645a1152856df434749.png118bf2696d62e6d03c53a545d682915e.png.c47ad92e9f8f35f08b0076ee895e5eaf.png5bd54b6389508d5199e57537c165842d.png平面6fb4f22992a0d164b77267fde5477248.png707354872d4e8210a2a573b99721b1fb.png在平面e2cc0cdaccb483cf829036ec7f5ec031.png平面f93aa6bf5871fda89c4ddecd7271a04f.png平面6fb4f22992a0d164b77267fde5477248.png.

2线段25ec916d56b8212e569dbf2e4e4b51d4.png上存在点44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png25ec916d56b8212e569dbf2e4e4b51d4.png中点,证明如下:

连接dc71081357eb48aff35868cbd1043496.png交于点f186217753c37b9b9f958d906208506e.png,连接1ff4c0a8b2262a5eea6da1e7feeb82b9.png;在矩形cb08ca4a7bb5f9683c19133a84872ca7.png中,f186217753c37b9b9f958d906208506e.png4144e097d2fa7a491cec2a7a4322f2bc.png中点,44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png25ec916d56b8212e569dbf2e4e4b51d4.png的中点;

8d1cbeeb08c1d009fa1e55554639aead.png,∵7457cdd15d09bfc6c4dbb5d2b6f87390.png在平面03f554192338a6010647346c89146288.png内,92a54b358b4cf53cca4095e4697e1004.png不在平面03f554192338a6010647346c89146288.pngda9696e7072afddc9ab16f0ba8647335.png平面03f554192338a6010647346c89146288.png.

20

解答

1)设直线2db95e8e1a9267b7a1188556b2013b33.png方程ab1b8c23c722d75bca5e69775f6ae9da.pngf99a5e7a20e963b917af6f0a746b0589.png,32a60b125f2f670bebc6a7a1ef8a9f5c.png,

0b264b779a462b11d229d7d0b9c8fcbc.png联立消415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.png0f4990457de75a5b0db847dd546e0aa3.png

eb6c7a6a38d27e99dff2c092f9f38b4c.png

a682698a145324087bbbf3cb1ccabe37.png…①

13aa1cceb8a2db8a0dcedd58943eaf4a.png634310d09d3663d5059d0f08b4a5b497.png

0a0596a02eb219bd6336b93543a68c06.png 231b8bbeb4fa45885c97d90d3d2637be.png7ac875d7d159339134b37ddd56563963.png.

998c17c1d0b7a764dc0cb80b269ed171.png…②.

①②faecc02d0c1e455d2cb15b86c332ca1d.png

416052facfc2a512a27aef418d4eea49.pngc50774e64d88201ef9759c19fd67ff67.png.

7ac875d7d159339134b37ddd56563963.png c50774e64d88201ef9759c19fd67ff67.png.

2adafe13d1fc654d34bb884390299fd3f.png5667e665cd325bb1b1f791689b0abd9a.png,

683f84716039af9fba086d84da3b69b1.png6794ce2527719431776852159e1bd001.png44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png坐标为2301d5f8a77a376ddf3c30920241ded5.png.

由于44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png在椭圆上 606f1518c5ef25ce4aeacc4841e2f9c9.png,∴790e4799aa272502de1bdae578fd5777.png5bea1ec61b6e41ce32af260bfaf26227.png

5a73a8003c50ada71688aed2a9b86766.pngb4deac737f04455d0599dc79e0b57534.png

两式相减可得27512e4e6c9277127cf5db8c1f2801e2.png

7e18126ef2ae818150f6e235d70c2a3d.png46e2d36ee0af8a27312bada4c56e6cb9.png316e9e8d56f48e2888bc8ba9f9c4321d.png

直线2db95e8e1a9267b7a1188556b2013b33.png方程68fbbd2e0c139ddc245914ff929d2567.png

786b7fd73df96651278918c76928054c.png

edd4da204c8b44042b0af5dcb9622b91.png

消去415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.pngf2bec212f3e2ea3b6eeec8cda0bd8b41.png57677953b0dcc646444cedb28d3694c7.png

25a70ef2fada89ec79cb4d2fd9eb6444.png

b75f88943762dcef58693bc869f730c5.png,

0550f833596fda86e5fc037536f578c8.png.

21

解答:(1)由题意:a9d8bcb944cc421f0a525b701dda5331.pngd0375227b8f05157b388df2da6d72072.png

d728f3f4deaa06c940c147e6383065ab.png即曲线f4c7a893604bc6ecb2fed03958976357.png在点7ddfc20ea128b714a623a4d7e5cc84cd.png处的切线斜率为c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c.pngdfb008a82ae3b3cbc634218d6d2d05d2.pngdd01d3aa47e3c688eaa6b59308ae2a16.png

2)证明:由题意:原不等式等价于:ed569c0de10a98eeeaed769fe114c3f9.png恒成立;令e1d2f69e5f57b347b520019ec73abd22.png

772dcf2bb2f1544ef007762a6cf95ddb.png0c0f1e124c2862826e8a3a4bfee51068.png43be9163c38281625cf713051581195b.pngdfad7e55ec8827360d790c9ef8312fbc.png恒成立620d7872524e44a56669d72441609ab4.pngee79fabc055934de03d92f1e8ba90090.png上单调递增620d7872524e44a56669d72441609ab4.pngee79fabc055934de03d92f1e8ba90090.png上存在唯一0b21a666a81629962ade8afd967826ed.png使84636a4ea12cf065ff9ac2d645425ade.png5201f7e917b03aa6722704f8969a05b7.pnga4e112d44448006d20740946a2ccc3cc.pnge84fec1e074026d6fa8e3155482c35c3.png8105cdb7dc3bd50552ac85d82c2dd317.png上单调递减cb1ecec15ab4cf0cd8b3640bb6cda17a.png上单调递增510ddc9aa3e349864b441ae88d5fdcee.png.

b074ba74ca5ad77a19cfd4c4904aa3db.png

47036c93dadebdb511b3191f560bad6b.png43be9163c38281625cf713051581195b.png92ee670485f7d4a5b106e85c64b16b44.pngdf66bfa13874bacea2e0dc2e6f6a3c81.png577e751e14124bc114a5218c0381f2b4.png得证.

综上所述43be9163c38281625cf713051581195b.png3bc1b088ad3ce998ad75cea048b69003.png.

22

解答

1f0e4599afba2421520937491613e682d.png参数方程为87b998cf619726d26cb8ecf28bd2d227.pngf0e4599afba2421520937491613e682d.png的普通方程为bac03f0ffc7d608da9f4129763cb49e7.png,当b3824b13e68a52493017f9588cc813d7.png时,直线:75f5c132dbb14566cb03ea445383d5f6.pngf0e4599afba2421520937491613e682d.png有两个交点,当ed3f756257eada650725947221738f4e.png时,设直线2db95e8e1a9267b7a1188556b2013b33.png的方程为e2334f346387f0738fe1a0c432a290cf.png,由直线2db95e8e1a9267b7a1188556b2013b33.pngf0e4599afba2421520937491613e682d.png两个交点有0811f371dd6e47d5ef3abc0fab4b7f63.png,得765f6bd1941dc9566cfced9c941aac3a.png8c0c5544135f02b5abc98b6ce98cc040.png7fc1223c017926ad06ccbb40e78aad1e.pnga94c2f37144268e0341af97200c02d33.png2130b2ced2f1560adeeec5ef6e418ae0.png,综上24329a4b39ff472b2f8391ec70f02e47.png.

244c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png坐标为90cbc22edf225adf8a68974f51227f05.png,当b3824b13e68a52493017f9588cc813d7.png,点44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png坐标为5c16f757233856dcf311176b7410d2d5.png,当ed3f756257eada650725947221738f4e.png时,设直线2db95e8e1a9267b7a1188556b2013b33.png的方程为b4d8130f024d2377e28c2ef36d2b84f2.png8abdc390cf62f2cb5c210564edb18b13.png3e113be4dee36904b6b6d921cf98fd5b.png1faf51b4db0b3ef9cf908be6f6e8feae.png,整理得8720500fe4e59f588d6a63d5b6757e53.png75d868a155c521b6feb7434432ff5958.png0e7b05e27eb35fea84eecb16e28bcec8.png 150fea1eb1b51250de6cc02c23358ac5.png6476bf0ea0c7121fffe6a383d50846ff.png代入d349affa64b1ddb73433a5461b881743.png.ff3d96d69b6908a00d4f5aad40397989.png满足方程d349affa64b1ddb73433a5461b881743.pngb86fc6b051f63d73de262d4c34e3a0a9.png中点的44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png轨迹方程d349affa64b1ddb73433a5461b881743.png7d0c3751beef6aac224f60d424e1624d.png由图可知,768d8923604c7129bfd7f346a10f6712.pngdc3d16c4fa70a4153fcb8afe3d1f18dd.pngeb6e8454a34950b35ac78bb4fc878d84.png故点44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.png的参数方程为a449f770368bc3d508213d043a03a44a.pngdc5233cb1d950ecad15b1e9b2514f665.png为参数,11982c27aff929f36fd270b3cb5a064e.png.

23

解答

1f45d57825a8dd49fd55f2af14de28a23.png如下图

2)由1可得:40419bf313926fce132afa940116d2dc.pnga9461fed004af5242c26b793993b9b27.png

3d7b566aaed7713dfc5583dfc4b9c386.png19bf9442bea375a24abb4c22e9951a92.png时,65c884f742c8591808a121a828bc09f8.png取最小值,

65c884f742c8591808a121a828bc09f8.png的最小值e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5.png.

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