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少年易学老难成,一寸光阴不可轻-百度文库
1、词语的意义:(1)指称意义:是语言符号和它所描绘或叙述的主观世界或客观世界的实体和事件之间的关系。指称意义和字面意义(literalmeaning虽然在大部分情况下是重合的,却是两个不同角度去看的两个不同概念。字面意义是单个词语最先在语言使用者脑中唤起的概念或形象。如Indianmeal(指称意义指“玉米粥”,字面意义是“印第安饭”)和Indiansummer(指称意义指“小阳春”,字面意义是“印第安夏天”)。类似的有AmericanBeauty(月月红)和Germanwool(细毛线)。(2)言内意义:是语言符号之间的关系,包括传统语义学的系统意义(即词在特定语言词汇结构系统中的地位,即词的值)。言内意义可以从音系意义,语法意义和词汇意义上考虑。(3)语用意义:包括表征意义、表达意义、社交意义、祈使意义和联想意义等。
2、翻译下面划线部分的词语
(1)我因坎坷一生碌碌无为而遗憾。(Iregretfewachievementsinatroubled(不安的,忧虑的,动乱的)
life.(2)龙船节,是黔东南清水江上苗族人民最盛大的节日。节日里,聚会的苗族同胞,每年有三四万。(TheDragon-BoatFestivalisthemostimportantcelebration(庆祝,庆祝会)oftheMiaopeople,wholivealongtheQingshuiRiverinsoutheasternGuizhouProvince.Everyyearbetween30000and40000Miaoparticipateinthefestivities(节日,节日活动).(3)吃、穿、住、行、用等各方面的工业品,包括彩电、冰箱、洗衣机,都大幅度增长。(Productionofprocessedfood,clothing,housing,transportationandcommoditiesfordailyuse,includingmajorappliancessuchascolourTVsets,refrigeratorsandwahingmachines,increasedbyawidemargin.(4)全部成品出厂前必须在实验室里进行检验,严格把关,一丝不苟。(Allproductsmustbeinspectedstrictlyandscrupulouslyinthelabofthefactorybeforedelivery.(5)我记得那时我的打扮挺滑稽的,穿着蓝布大褂、小坎肩,戴瓜皮小帽。(IstillrememberhowfunnyIlookedthewayIwasdressed---inablueclothgown(长袍,长外衣)withashortsleevelessjacketoveritandaskullcap(室内便帽)onthehead.(6)他听傅芳把共产党说成神出鬼没似的,便觉得非常有趣。(Hewasimmediatelytickled(逗乐,使高兴,觉得痒byFufang’saccountofelusive,(躲避的,难以理解的)will-o’-the-wisp(鬼火,磷火,捉摸不定的东西)communists.(7)对于我们的这样发展中的大国来说,经济要发展得快一点,不可能总是那么平平静静、稳稳当当。(ForamajordevelopingnationlikeChina,itisimpossibletoattainaslightlyfastereconomicgrowthalwaysatsuchacalmandsmoothpace.(8)南京,她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。大都会特有的凝聚力,吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄、一逞英豪。(Nanjinghaswitnessedthecontinuousemergenceofmanydistinguishedtalentsandnobleheartsaswellasmonumentalachievementsthatshonethroughtheages.Attractedbyherspecialappeals,9感染力,号召力agreatnumberofpowerfulfiguresandpeopleactuatedbyhighideashavestayedinorfrequentedthismetropolistocontendforthelead(主角,榜样)ortogiveplaytotheirgeniusandvirtues.(9)黄色的花淡雅,白色的花高洁,紫色的花热烈而深沉。泼泼洒洒,秋风中正开得烂漫。(Theyellowonesweresimpleandelegant;thewhiteones,pureandnoble;andthepurpleones,warmanddeep;allwereinfullbloom,dancingintheautumnbreeze.(10)在四川,有一美妙去处。它背依岷山主峰雪宝顶,树木苍翠,花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺。名胜古迹荟萃,这就是松潘县的黄龙。(OneofSichuan’sfinestscenicspotsisHuanglong(YellowDragon,whichliesinSongpanCountyjustbeneathXuebao,themainpeakoftheMinshanMountains.Itslush(茂盛的,葱翠的greenforests,filledwithfragrantflowers,1
少年易学老难成,一寸光阴不可轻-百度文库
bubblingstreams,andsongbirds,arerichinhistoricalinterestaswellasnaturalbeauty.(11)西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。(TheWestLakeislikeamirrorembellishedallaroundwithgreenhillsanddeepcavesofenchantingbeauty.(12)他笔下的翎毛花卉,墨彩交融,无不栩栩如生,具有强烈的感染力。(Hisresplendent(灿烂的,辉煌的,华丽的)flower-and-birdpaintings,executedwitheasycommandofthebrush,arenotedfortheirelegantfinelinesanddelicatecoloursblendedwithsplash-inkinperfectharmony.(13)没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。人,得天天有点什么盼头,生活才不至于暗淡。(Adaywithouthopewouldbeunimaginablypale.Theremustbesomethingtolookforwardtoeachdaytobrightenone’slifeandkeepitoutofshadows.
(14)跑了不知多少趟,总算有眉目了,又得往这一处签字,那一处盖章,看种种脸色,候种种传唤,