初升高暑期英语初高衔接初三升高一新高一讲义第12讲 阅读拓展训练之科普篇

学员姓名： 学科教师：

年 级： 九升高一 辅导科目： 英语

授课日期

时 间

A / B / C / D / E / F段

主 题

阅读拓展训练之科普篇

学习目标

1. 在主题阅读中学会科普阅读相关的单词、短语及句型表达；

2. 灵活迁移阅读信息到相关的写作表达中去。

教学内容

1、 上次课后巩固作业复习；

2、 互动探索

此环节设计时间在15分钟。

教学建议：

此环节设计时间在15分钟。

1. 通过以下图片与学生进行互动，问学生有没有了解过与图片相关的知识，可让学生与学生之间互相分享（用英文），并给出下列词汇作为参考，引出本次课的主题—阅读理解科普篇。

2. 引导学生熟悉一些常见的科普类阅读的高频词。

US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars

The only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls

In a study of elderly men and women，those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage．

此环节教案预期时间60分钟

教学建议：

1. 根据文章难度和学生程度要求学生在限定时间内完成阅读；

2. 要求学生概括文章大意，养成从总体上把握文章的习惯；

3. 让学生之间相互对答案；

4. 鼓励学生自己解释和别人答案不同的题目以便老师了解学生的解题思路及错误原因；

5. 让错误较多的学生总结错误原因及注意事项。

6. 文章中重点短语及句型学习。

7. 让学生从文章中挑选出自己认为的好句子，对句子进行详细解析或者模仿造句。

【知识梳理1】科普类阅读相关词汇

advanced science 尖端科学 scientific invention 科学发明

double-edged sword 双刃剑 earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变

lay a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础 energy crisis 能源危机

depletion of resources 能源消耗 milestone 里程碑

technical innovation 科技创新

over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 a heated discussion 热烈的讨论

exhaust gas 废气 disastrous 灾难性的

compared to/with… 与…相比 cure-all solution 万能良药

portable 便携的 innovative 创新的

cutting-edge 尖端的 cost-effective 性价比高的

anti-virus programs 杀毒软件 cyber crime 网上犯罪

bar code 条形码 portable 便携的

genetic engineering 基因工程

pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路

exert a far-reaching impact on… 对…产生一种深远的影响

be addicted to/be obsessed with 对…着迷/上瘾

technological progress/advances 科技进步

be accessible to 容易获得的

with the advent of 随着…的到来

pay a heavy price for sth. 为…付出惨痛的代价

multimedia learning system 多媒体学习系统

【知识梳理2】题型说明

科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材，几乎每年高考都有所涉及。科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的特点是科技词汇多，句子长且结构复杂，理论性和逻辑性又都较强，再加之文章所介绍的知识对于同学们来说是比较陌生的。因此，同学们看这类文章觉得是雾里看花。

【知识梳理3】答题方法

1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headline)，导语(Introduction)，背景( Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

【例题精讲】

基础篇：

A

US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.

The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.

"This is the first unambiguous evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars," said Boulder's research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.

"The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago."

Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta.

"Finding shorelines is a holy grail of sorts to us," said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.

Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, that featured a bombardment of large meteors and extensive flooding.

The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.

Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.

批注：文章难度较大，可以给学生先学习一下单词和短语，然后让学生去阅读文章，长句可以让学生试着去划分一下主谓宾，这样可以逐渐锻炼学生对句子成分分析的能力，同时提高阅读速度。

I. Comprehension

1. The finding on Mars may _____________________________.

2. This passage can be adapted from _______________________.

3. The discovery of the lake on Mars is one of facts that there can exist __________ on Mars by far.

4. What can scientists estimate about the Mars from the discovery?

5. How many years do scientists believe that surface of the Mars has a history of？

6. When did the newly discovered lake on Mars form according to the passage?

7. What may deltas next to the lake provide for people?

KEYS:

1. evidence of life billions of years ago

2. Geological Science

3. shore lines

4. Science can estimate the size, the volume, and the history of the lake and so on.

5. About 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years.

6. The newly discovered lake is believed to dare from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years.

7. Deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars.

translation :

1. 火星上湖的发现引起了巨大轰动。 （discovery）

2. 她在电影业中创造了一个成功的事业。 （carve out）

3. 科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍。 （calculate）

4. 他答应四点钟来，课可是六点钟才到。 （appear）

KEYS:

1. The new discovery of the lake on Mars caused a great sensation.

2. She carved out a very successful career in the film industry.

3. Scientists have calculated that the world’s population will double by the end of the century.

` 4. He promised to be here at four o’clock but didn’t appear until six.

词汇、词组拓展

uncover 揭露，发现 date back 追溯 unambiguous 清楚的，明白的

analysis 分析 canyon 峡谷 postdate 填迟…的日期

长难句分析

1. US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.

解析：主句US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars之后用了动名词短语boosting…作结果状语，另外还运用了高一阶段即将学习的新的语法点-同位语从句：evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.

2. Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta.

解析：复合句的运用是此句的一大特点，不仅运用了限制性定语从句the canyon in which it was found，还用了非限制性定语从句which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta，而在非限中又运用了一个定语从句。

3. The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.

解析：此句用了被动语态be believed+ to do的形式，属于高中阶段比较常考的被动语态和非谓语动词不定式用法之一，可以给学生提前进行讲解学习。

B

UCLA scientists report for the first time on the only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans. Known as Huia cavitympanum, the frog lives only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo.

Ultrasounds are high-pitched sounds more than 20 kilohertz (kHz) in frequency, which exceeds the upper limit of sounds detectable by humans and is far higher than the 5 to 8 kHz frequencies most amphibians, reptiles and birds are capable of hearing or producing. Key parts of the ear must be specially adapted to detect ultrasounds.

The frogs can hear sounds up to 38 kilohertz, the highest frequency any amphibian species has been known to hear, the scientists report. Humans can hear up to about 20 kHz and typically talk at 2 or 3 kHz.

While most of the more than 5,000 frog species worldwide have eardrums that are flat on the side of the head, Huia cavitympanum has eardrums recessed in the side of the skull, similar to mammals.

Peter Narins, UCLA distinguished professor of physiological science and of ecology and evolutionary biology, and Victoria Arch, a UCLA graduate student in ecology and evolutionary biology, spent several nights in the remote area where the frogs live.

We had very little information suggesting that they would be in this location," said Arch, lead author of the study. "We found them our first night out."

The study was published April 29 in the online journal PLoSONE, a publication of the Public Library of Science, and is available at http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/jounal.pone.0005413.

批注：此篇文章较短，但是难度较大，首先要鼓励学生去读，很多学生对科普类的会比较害怕，要告诉学生如何去做这类文章，掌握相关的技巧和方法。

I. Comprehension

1. Huia cavitympanum live __________.

2. This kind of newly –found frog can hear each other with up to _________ kHz ultrasounds.

3. If people can hear ultrasounds as frogs do, they should be equipped with _________.

4. According to the passage how do you think the result of study comes?

5. Where do you think this passage probably appears?

II. Translation

1. 这首诗流露出作者对我们祖国的热爱之情。 （communicate）

2. 这家人都是老弱病残，完全靠救济生活。 （live on）

3. 这家旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿。 （up to）

4. 早期的报告暗示会议可能在周日召开。 （suggest）

key:

only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo

more than 38

a pair of good enough ears like frogs.

I think that the result of the study is obtained with difficulty

I think that this passage probably appears on the website.

This poem communicates the author’s enthusiasm about our motherland.

The family are all the old and weak and completely live on relief.

The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.

Earlier reports suggested that the meeting would be held on Sunday.

词汇、词组拓展

species 物种，种类 ultrasonic 超声的；超音波的，超音速的

exceed 超过；超越 adapt to 适应

amphibian 两栖动物 distinguished 杰出的

长难句分析

1. UCLA scientists report for the first time on the only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans.

解析：句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的科学家们第一次报道了目前所知唯一的一种青蛙物种,可以使用因频率太高人类无法听到的纯超声交流。句子连续使用了that引导的定语从句that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls和whose引导的定语从句whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans，还使用了too…to 的句型。

2. Peter Narins, UCLA distinguished professor of physiological science and of ecology and evolutionary biology, and Victoria Arch, a UCLA graduate student in ecology and evolutionary biology, spent several nights in the remote area where the frogs live.

解析：句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的生理科学和生态学和进化生物学特聘教授--彼得·内林斯,和加州大学洛杉矶分校生态学和进化生物学研究生--维多利亚拱门,花了好几个晚上住在有青蛙的偏远地区。这句话的难点在于两个人名后都用了同位语做插入语，对于新高一的学生来讲翻译起来可能会有很大困难，建议老师在讲解时要适当跟学生说一下这种同位语的翻译技巧。

提升篇：

A

Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country's fanners are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.

Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of .America's farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of "useless" college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.

“There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect," Merrigan said. "We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.

In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.

“I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows," said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. "Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture. "

The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.

Ryan Best, president of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. Never before have we had the innovations ( 创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “there’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”

1. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?

A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.

C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.

2.Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?

A. To draw federal agriculture officials' attention.

B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.

C. To clarify a recent blog posting.

D. To talk more students into farming careers

3. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because__________.

A. the government will cover production costs

B. global food supplies will be even lower

C. investment in agriculture will be profitable

D. America will increase its food export

4. What do the underlined words "to turn around the statistics" in the last paragraph mean?

A. To re-analyze the result of the national census.

B. To increase agricultural production.

C. To bring down the average age of farmers.

D. To invest more in agriculture.

Keys：

文章大意：本文是一篇科技文，主要介绍了美国在农业方面临农民人数少，年龄偏大的问题，同时还缺少专业大学生从事农业生产。该怎么样解决这个问题。

1. A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place”可知，A项正确。

2. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“…is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture”可知，D项正确。

3. C。推理判断题。根据第五段中“Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows”可推断Matt Rush认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而全球的供应则达到了最低，故在农业上投资肯定会获利，即C项正确。

4. C。句意理解题。根据最后一段第二句中“…this is a new time in agriculture —will motivate the next generation…”可推断此处表示的是“农业的新时机将会激励下一代来参与，即农民的平均年龄将会年轻化”，故C项正确。

重点词汇、词组

statistics 统计，统计学 federal 联邦的，同盟的 aimed at 针对，目的在于

be involved in包括……中，被卷入……中；涉及到……

live out of（提着手提箱等）过不定居生活

motivate刺激；使有动机；激发…的积极性

长难句解析

1.Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland.

解析：本句是see sb. / sth. doing sth.的复合结构。

2. Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture.

解析：本句是介词短语in hope of doing sth. 希望……。

3. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.

解析：本句是his message 的同位语从句

4. Never before have we had the innovations ( 创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,”

解析：本句never 否定词放在句首，后面用部分倒装，the innovations的定语从句，which是关系代词。

B

A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.

“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.

They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems.Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.

While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.

Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.” (392 words)

72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ______.

A. they had no model in their mind

B. they did not have sufficient time

C. they had no ready-made components

D. they could not assemble the components

73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly ______.

A. consists of a flight device and a control system

B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time

C. can collect information from many sources

D. has been put into wide application

74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.

B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.

C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.

D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.

75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Father of Robotic Fly

B. Inspiration from Engineering Science

C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect

D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study

Keys :71-75 CBDC

详细分析：

本篇是一篇探微型飞行装置的说明文。文章大意：介绍机器人苍蝇这一高科技产品及其在现实生活中的预期应用。首段开门见山，介绍了哈佛大学的工程师们受到了《自然》杂志的启发，决定自行研究机器苍蝇（robotic fly）-一种微型飞行设备。第二段说明了制造这种飞行设备的实际困难：所需的构成原件么有现成的，需要自行开发。第三段主要介绍了该飞行设备的构成。第四，五段介绍了该飞行装置技术成熟后能给我们生活上，科研上的详细用途。

文章生词分析:

high-tech integrated systems: 高技术集成系统 go-ahead: 许可

built-in: 内置的 off-board: 外接的

长句分析：The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to.

主语：The seemingly simple system

谓语动词：has

宾语：a number of interdependencies on the individual components

这个表面简单的系统有许多相互关联、依存的元器件组成。

定语从句1：which just moves the wings只是驱动翅膀的（系统）

定语从句2：each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to每一个元件必须得运行良好，但同时还必须和与之相连的所有其他一切都相匹配

72.答案 C

解析：细节题。第二段最后一句话“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,”意为这个项目的困难实际在于所需的原件都没有现成的，需要我们自己开发。On the self (现货供应)与ready-made (现成的)同义。因此，正确答案为C。

73.答案 B

解析 推理判断题，根据题干信息，定位为文章第3,4段。第三段主要介绍了飞行装置的构成，并由此引出四段首句详细介绍飞行装置的外置电源（linked to a small,off -board power source）,指出最终目的是实现内置电源的放置（equip it with a built-in power），使之能力在更多场合自行完成数据的收集的任务（data-gathering work），完成起飞，着落，到处飞行的动作。由此可见，目前该飞行装置只能在有限的地区内飞行，所以B选项正确。

74.答案选D

解析：推理判断题，最后一段第三句“....to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals.but using the robots instead.”意为当用动物这一途径研究生物问题比较困难时，我们可以用这些机器人取代动物的位置。因此，正确答案为D。

75. 答案选C

解析 主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文通篇都在围绕机器苍蝇（robotic fly）进行介绍。因此，正确答案为C。

此环节教案预期时间20（练题）+15（互动讲解）分钟。

教学建议：

1. 让学生准备4分钟左右，先口头表达要点。只需要简要说明自己观点即可。可以参考阅读材料或者范文中的相关表达，只要学生能灵活运用、准确迁移所学过的知识即可。

2. 12分钟的写作时间。写在教案空白处，要求至少写120字。老师要关注学生的写作过程，并在过程中把学生所用的好词好句及典型错误写在白板上以便写后和其他学生一起学习；

3. 写后让学生相互批改，找出错误表达进行改正，点评对方的亮点及不足之处；

4. 老师点评并给每个学生打分；

5. 要求学生课后把修改后的文章抄写在自己的笔记本上作为范文，下次课带过来检查。

基础题：

(A)

Fighting for Scientific Progress

IN the eyes of her daughter, He Zehui was a “simple, ordinary(普通的) old lady, who lived a low-key life”. But the truth is that this “old lady” was ___25____ but “ordinary”-she was one of the pioneers of nuclear(核能的) science and technology, and a key figure in the development of scientific ballooning (科学气球探测). Actually she was often called “China’s Madame Curie”.

He’s pursuit __26____ science was never easy. She was refused for acceptance to the Department of Physics of Tsinighua University __27____ she was a woman. When she finally got in, she was the only girl in her class.

He then continued her research in Berlin and Paris,___28_____ she worked at the Curie Institute, before becoming a leading figure in nuclear physics in China.

Besides her great achievements in science, there is one more thing that__29__ shared with Madame Curie-devotion to work.

According to her co-workers, he worked every day, even __30___ retirement. When the high-altitude balloon project started in 1979, the 65-year-old traveled by Jeep, jolting and rattling over the rough (崎岖的) road for three hours___31____(get) to Xianghe county in Hebei province. “Flying those balloons was risky(危险的) for a person her age,” Ma Yuqian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of He’s students,____32____(tell) Science and Technology Daily. “But he insisted on going there every time and she said:”no risk, no gain(获得) for science.’”

KEYS: anything of because where she after to get told

Section A

Directions: For each blank id the following passage there are four words of phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Studies have shown that something as simple as eating dinner together as a family every night can have a major impact upon the happiness and well-being of both parents and children. But with today’s busy schedules most families are ___51___ to eat dinner together about four days a week and the numbers ___52___ as children get older. Yet eating dinner together is so important. It is one of the things that happy families do and here’s ___53___: 

 Eating dinner together increases ___54___. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Colombia University found that parents who eat with their childrenat least five times a week ___55__ having a better relationship with their children. The ___56___ is simple: as you are sharing a meal you are also sharing conversation. The dinner table is a perfect place to discuss what is happening in each family member’s life, ___57___ parents do need to be careful not to control the conversation or discuss any topics that could cause ___58__. 

Children who eat dinner with their families have better ___59___ performance. In the same study researchers found that teens that eat dinner with their family are more likely to receive A’s and B’s than teens that do not. Elementary students also ___60___ academically from family dinners. Another study found that preschoolers who eat dinner together with their families have better language skills because they ___61___ adult conversation around the table. 

 Families that eat dinner together eat ___62__. When meals are cooked at home they typically have less fat and higher amounts of fiber (纤维), minerals, and ___63___. A Harvard study found “that children who ate family diners more ___64__ had more healthy eating habits” overall, even when not at home. They also typically “consume more vegetables, fruit and juice, and less soda”. 

Family dinners foster  healthy child development. Family eating dinners together helps ensure that a child will make good ___65___. Report shows that teens who eat dinner two or fewer nights a week are more than twice as likely to smoke or try marijuana (大麻、毒品), and one and half times more likely to drink alcohol.

51. A. lucky         B. certain     C. satisfied     D. ready 

52. A. double        B. decrease         C. increase            D. remain 

53.A. why           B. what              C. where                D. how 

54.A. appetite      B. ability           C. communication      D. confidence 

55.A. report(叙述)  B. imagine          C. appreciate          D. admit 

56.A. skill         B. reason            C. method              D. result 

57.A. because       B. since             C. therefore           D. although 

58.A. trouble       B. friendship       C. conflict          D. fear 

59.A. physical      B. mental            C. psychological       D. academic 

60. A. benefit       B. learn             C. suffer              D. judge 

61.A. start         B. watch             C. hear               D. analyze 

62.A. more          B. healthier         C. less                D. unhealthier 

63. A. drinks        B. vitamins          C. drugs               D. substances 

64. A. actively      B. attentively       C. instantly           D. frequently 

65.A. excuses       B. comments         C. choices             D. Impressions

51-64 ACACD BCADB CBBDC

Experiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified (GM) foods, including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans. Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-winter fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.

　　A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again. GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor, a disease caused by severe lack of protein, is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.

　　Commenting on GM foods, Jonathon Jones, a British researcher, said: "The future benefits will be enormous, and the best is yet to come".

　　To some people, GM foods are no different from unmodified foods. "A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni, an American food manufacturer.

　　Critics of GM foods challenge Sansonis opinion. They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people, other animals, and plants.

　　In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University, scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn, which makes up one-fourth of the U.S. corn crop. The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed, a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch butterfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves, almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died. "Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation." said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor. "This is a warning bell."

　　Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of todays crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment. But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide. Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics. Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.

　　At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada. GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants, creating "superweeds" that could take over whole fields.

　　So where do you stand? Should GM food be banned in the United States, as they are in parts of Europe? Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?

92. Paragraphs 1, 2&3 tries to give the idea that _____ .

A) GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans

B) We cannot recognize the benefits of GM foods too early

C) GM foods may have both benefits and harm

D) GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patients

93. Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed milkweed citied in Paragraph 6?

A) To show GM foods can kill insects effectively.

B) To show GM foods contain more protein.

C) To show GM foods also have a dark side.

D) To show GM foods may harm crops.

94. What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide?

A) They may lose their ability to produce offspring.

B) They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment.

C) They move to other fields free from insecticide.

D) They never eat again those plants containing insecticide.

95. Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is TRUE according to the passage?

A) Underdeveloped countries have banned GM foods.

B) Both Europe and the U.S. have banned GM foods.

C) Most European countries have not banned GM foods.

D) The United States has not banned GM foods.

A C B D

提升题：

Speaking and writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

科学的进步论给人类带来利益的同时也给社会带来一些灾难。请以“Science, Good or Evil” 为题， 举例说明。

参考词组搭配：:（仅供参考）

先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

我认为 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…

在某种程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way

参考范文一：

With the development of science, our life has been dramatically improved . It is one thing that the progress of science has done a lot of good to us, but it is quite another that it also brings about some disasters to our society.

England underwent serious fog problems resulting from the Industrial Revolution. New Zealand suffered the great disaster caused by the melting ice in the 21st century. Not until these disasters strike us do people realize the negative aspects the advancement of science have brought to us. Carbonic emission, which has been neglected for many years, has become increasingly serious, threatening the generations to follow.

As far as I’m concerned, it is vital that we should keep science advancing . But at the same time we should raise our awareness of the damage they cause to the environment. Every coin has two side. What we ought to do is to keep the balance between the development of science and environmental protection. And then a brilliant world will greet us .

参考范文二：

It’s certain that we human beings benefit a lot from the development of science and technology. A part of their advantages can be listed follows.

The improvement of science has greatly advanced our living standard, bringing us vast convenience. We can surf the internet for various information quickly instead of spending a lot of time looking them up in numerous books .Our world becomes a global village with varieties of methods for us to choose from to communicate with others such as mobile phones, e-mails and even screen phones. Our life thus becomes more colorful. We can do almost anything we like with scientific inventions.

Every coin has two sides. The development of science also brings us some negative effects as well. Many of us are so fascinated by computers and I am really worried that computers will control us one day.

In conclusion, there is no doubt that the development of science benefits us quite a lot. In my opinion, all that we should do is to make full use of the positive aspects and try to avoid being affected by the negative ones. In this way our modern life will be more pleasant.

参考范文三：

With the development of modern science, we know much more than ancient people and we have more inventions which do good to our life. It is true that these knowledge and inventions benefit us a lot. Thanks to them, we live more conveniently and comfortably. However, science can also bring us trouble. In my opinion, we should take advantage of science properly.

Like most youngsters, I am fond of storing all my information including papers and valuable photos in my computer. Unfortunately, my computer suddenly broke down one day. The computer virus attacked my computer and I lost all the information in a minute. As far as I know, the computer virus attacked more than one thousand people’s computers in 24 hours. Many people couldn’t work without their computers and the important data lost, which caused a serious damage. The business was in a mess that day.

Therefore, I think people have been dependent on modern science too much . As a result, we are likely to have trouble when modern facilities are in disorder. Science can bring both convenience and inconvenience to our society. So we shouldn’t rely too much on science and we’d better make use of it in proper.

提升题：

Directions: now you have one minute to prepare and another one minute to describe your points without referring to your script.

（此部分10分钟左右，以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）

1. 阅读中的词汇短语及句型

2. 写作句型及思路总结

教学建议：

1. 规定学生在20分钟内完成；

2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；

3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；

4．要求作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；

5. 要求学生在文章中标出答案出处；

6．老师对错误率较高的题目进行重点讲解。

基础题：

A

On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.

Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.

There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.

Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple（枫树）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.

The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.

The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.

1. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?

A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.

B. There are many windows in the wooden house.

C. The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.

D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.

2. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ______ .

A. the kids like playing in trees

B. the kids are very familiar with trees

C. the kids have learned much knowledge

D. the kids find trees useful learning tools

3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A. The change of seasons is easily felt.

B. The seasons make the scenes change.

C. The weather often changes in the forest.

D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.

4. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?

A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.

B. To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.

C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.

D. To share the joy of living in the nature.

Keys：

本文描述了作者与家人身居大自然怀抱中切身的美丽感受。文章主要展示了作者居住环境的大自然的美景和在此美景怀抱中生活的惬意之情。

1. A 推理判断题。本段中提到，每个窗户都会有一个不同的风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变换的。故选A。

2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Our kids have learned the names of the trees…”“As they tell all…white pines are the best climbing trees”可知孩子们已经了解了关于周围环境包括树在内的很多知识。故答案选C。

3. A 推理判断题。划线部分的字面意思为：季节就在门外变化着。再根据本段对于周围大自然的变化的描述可知，作者身处此地，能够很容易地感觉到季节的变换。故答案为A。

4. D 推理判断题。此题推测文章写作目的。通读全文，不难了解，作者是与我们读者分享他身居大自然的快乐生活。故答案为D。

B

Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects’ hard outer shells. The material’s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.

A major benefit to the material is its biodegradability. Plastic’s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and ’60s. Decades later however, plastic’s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?

Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil.

Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.

Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They’re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.

6. Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s ____.

A. remarkable design     B. interesting name

C. major features D. basic elements

7. What has become a concern about plastic?

A. Using it properly.    B. Producing it cheaply.   

C. Developing its properties quickly. D. Evaluating its contributions fairly.

8. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because ____.

A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living things

C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature

9. What are they inventors doing in the lab?

A. Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk. B. Testing shrilk’s use in wet conditions.

C. Making shrilk out of used household goods. D. Improving shrilk’s flexibility for medical purpose.

10. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Recent Progress in Environmental Protection B. Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research

C. The Harm of One-time Products D. A Possible Alternative to Plastic

Keys：

6. C。主旨大意题。本段为总分总结构，所以很容易得出答案。

7. A。细节理解题。从plastic’s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.可得出答案。

8. D。细节理解题。从Materials from which is made are plentiful in nature可得出答案。

9. B。细节理解题。从ork on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. 可得出答案。

10. D。主旨大意题。标题。本文为总分结构。从第一段可知答案。

提高题：

C

Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?

The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.

The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day’s work is done.

So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we’d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.

11. According to the author, we are more creative when we are _______.

A. focused B. relaxed

C. awake D. busy

12. What does the author imply about newspapers?

A. They are solution providers. B. They are a source of inspiration.

C. They are normally full of bad news. D. They are more educational than websites.

13. By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_______”.

A. wander into the wild B. listen to a beautiful tune

C. switch to the traffic channel D. stop concentrating on anything

14. The author writes the last paragraph in order to _______.

A. offer practical suggestions B. summarize past experiences

C. advocate diverse ways of life D. establish a routine for the future

Keys：

本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，放松心情更有利于提高工作效率，更有利于解决创造性的解决问题；压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输，只会导致工作效率下降。

11.B。.根据第二段第三句中“…your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.”以及下文对压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输可知，放松使我们更具有创造性，故B项正确。

12.C。.根据第一段倒数第二句中“…the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disaters.”，可知报纸上总是充满了负面新闻，故C项正确。

13.D。根据语境可知，若一味集中注意力而无暇放松，将错失有创造性的解决问题的方法。D项意为“不将注意力故放在某事物上”，符合语境，故D项正确。

14.A。通读最后一段可知，该段主要讲述对如何放松心情提出一些建议，如提早起身、洗热水澡、做深呼吸等等，故A项正确。

(D)

The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain.

A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Lenoardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel.

Electrodes (电极) measuring the brain’s electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions(娱乐), such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to shoe that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.

“Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their aesthetic(审美能力)aspects should be taken into account too,” said the neurologist. “Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into the how a beautiful environment can reduce suffering.”

Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis’ Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonino Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. “these people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world,” said Prof de Tommaso.

1.According to the first paragraph, people didn’t approve_______________.

A. hospitals spend money on medical equipment

B. hospitals decorate their rooms with works of art

C. hospitals make their environment pleasant to patients

D. hospitals treat patients with works of art

2. How did the researchers make the research?

A. By asking the subjects to listen to music.

B. By requiring the subjects to draw paintings.

C. By ordering the subjects to choose which picture is beautiful and ugly.

D. By aching the subjects’ hands while they are watching paintings.

3. According to the research, when designing a hospital, we should consider its____________.

A. convenient facilities B. functional operating room

C. pleasing environment D. bright waiting room

4.The best title for the passage may be___________________.

A. Patients Don’t Like Pictures

B .Arts Can Be Used As a Medicine

C. Ugly Patients Feel Less Pain

D. Beautiful Art Can Ease Pain

keys: BDCD

如何表示罗马帝国历经几个世纪？到底是哪个呢？

下节课我们继续复习时态语态的重难点

Roman Empire ________ for centuries.

OR

has existed existed