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防灾科技学院
2015 ~ 2016学年 第一学期期末考试
大学英语 Ⅲ 试卷 (A) 使用班级 2014级本科非英语专业 答题时间 120分钟
注意：“考试开始后15分钟，开始放听力”；
“请将选择题答案涂在机读答题卡上，其他题答在主观题答题卡上”。
Part I Listening Comprehension（本大题共25小题，每题1分，共25分。）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
1. A. She loves walking to work.
B. She has to save money for her journey.
C. She doesn't like the company she worked with.
D. It took her too much time to go to work.
2. A. Edward will certainly be here on time.
B. Nobody will be here on time.
C. He is not sure whether Edward will be here on time.
D. Maybe Edward will be here on time.
3. A. She was using the wrong paint.
B. She has run out of paintbrushes.
C. She doesn't feel like going to class.
D. She has dropped out of art and is now in drama.
4. A. The woman should lose 10 pounds.
B. The woman should gain 5 pounds.
C. The woman should not worry.
D. The woman should buy some new clothes.
5. A. Forty yuan.
B. Thirty yuan.
C. Thirty-five yuan.
D. Forty-five yuan.
6. A. He'll definitely go.
B. He'll probably not to go since he is busy.
C. He'll not regret missing a chance like that.
D. He'll probably not to go since he is not interested.
7. A. At the man's house.
B. In a restaurant.
C. In a grocer's.
D. In a hotel.
8. A. The man could not wait to see Susan.
B. Susan is eager to pass the information she knows.
C. Susan talks to people only on the phone.
D. The man always knows the latest news in town.
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Conversation 1
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A. That the library opens at 8:00.
B. That no one else has read the articles.
C. That none of the material he needs is available.
D. That reserve materials can be taken out of the library.
10. A. He is not cooperative.
B. He will be in his office all afternoon.
C. He has not read any of the articles himself.
D. He already brought in extra copies of the articles.
11. A. Return early the next day.
B. Photocopy the articles he needs.
C. Ask professor Grand for a copy of the articles.
D. Wait until the girl has finished with her articles.
Conversation 2
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. The election for senator. B. The election for treasurer.
C. The election for secretary. D. The election for president.
13. A. They are competing against each other in an election.
B. The man is writing the woman's speech.
C. The man is interviewing the woman.
D. The woman is planning the man's campaign.
14. A. Make posters. B. Write a speech.
C. Answer questions. D. Study chemistry.
15. A. Compare their lectures. B. Review the man's talk.
C. Prepare questions to ask candidates. D. Vote in the school election.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A , B , C and D. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A. Our ability to make noise without mouths.
B. The impressive technology.
C. The amazing complexity of television.
D. Our ability to use tools.
17.
A. The ability to write.
B. The ability to use technology.
C. The ability to talk.
D. The ability to read.
18.
A. Facial expressions.
B. Bristling fur.
C. Bowing head or drooping tail.
D. Both A, B and C.
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Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.
A. We don’t know how to enjoy ourselves.
B. We are busier with our work.
C. We don’t think relaxation is essential to health.
D. We are using new technologies more.
20.
A. Stress is always harmful to people.
B. Stress can be avoided.
C. Stress is hardly controlled for most people.
D. Different people can withstand different amount of stress.
21.
A. Knowing the art of relaxation.
B. Having control over performance.
C. Not fearing stress.
D. High sense of responsibility.
22.
A. High blood pressure has nothing to do with stress.
B. Health becomes endangered when one is exposed to stress for a long time.
C. It is hard to find better ways to deal with stress.
D. We can remove stress from our life.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.
A. Decline of GDP.
B. Increases of tourism.
C. Decline of domestic consumption.
D. Developing bad consumption habits.
24.
A. Because they are more expensive in China.
B. Because they are not available in China.
C. Because they are made in China.
D. Because they are in poor quality in China.
25.
A. They are wealthier.
B. They are more brand conscious.
C. They are more confident.
D. All of the above.
PartⅡ: Multiple Choice（本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分。）
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
26. Many educators would be delighted to abolish exams, but worry that without them there would be too little ___________ for students to work hard.
A. consequence B. incentive C. release D. investment
27. David ___________ when the dentist touched his sore tooth.
A. winced B. wrinkled C. complemented D. threatened
28. His economic policies ___________ expansion of information industry.
A. opened up B. paved the way for C. fit into D. took advantage of
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29. What are you thinking of? This medicine is much too _____ for a small child!
A. presumable B. potent C. inevitable D. solemn
30. He was always declining their invitations ________________ ill health.
A. regardless of B. despite of C. independent of D. on the grounds of
31. Milk baths are a very expensive way to ______ the pain of minor burns or insect bites.
A. sooth B. shatter C. purify D. intensify
32. Since you feel strongly about the matter, you should __________ to other committee members.
A. make your views to be known B. make your views know
C. make your views to know D. make your views known
33. _____________, children and old people are advised not to stay in an air-conditioned room for long.
A. Given the poor immunity B. As to the poor immunity
C. Along with the poor immunity D. In charge of the poor immunity
34. Since we can’t hear you at the back of the hall, you’ll have to ______ your voice.
A. rise B. arise C. arouse D. raise
35. Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ___________ and prejudice.
A.ignorance B.sequence C.influence D.conference
PartⅢ: Reading Comprehension（本大题共20小题，36-45题每题1分，46-55题每题2分，共30分。）
Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work, emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life -- to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local yard?
Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.
36. Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?
A. Leisure, elegance, and efficiency.
B. Leisure, elegance, and taste.
C. Grace, efficiency and taste.
D. Romance, efficiency and elegance.
37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?
A. They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.
B. They are more concerned with money than before.
C. Many of them prefer the modern lifestyle.
D. They are more competitive than the old generation.
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38. The passage suggests that ______.
A. it's now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river
B. great changes have occurred in the lifestyle of all Frenchmen
C. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere
D. the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples
39. Which of the following is TRUE about the critics?
A. Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.
B. Critics are greater in the number than people enjoying the new way of life.
C. Critics are concerned solely with the present mad not the future.
D. Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.
40. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Criticism of the new lifestyle.
B. Changes in the French way of life.
C. The Americanization of France.
D. Features of the new way of life.
Passage Two
Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage.
Of all European creatures, it is the small and seemingly defenseless insects that have proved to be unrivalled masters in the art of survival. Where other and much bigger creatures died out long ago or hang on in reduced numbers, the insects flourish.
The reason for their success is their adaptability in the face of disasters. Under constant threat in Europe from man and from other creatures, who prey on them, many make use of camouflage to avoid detection and attack. And so neatly do some of them blend with their natural surroundings, disguised as leaves, sticks, and tree bark, that they can go unnoticed by even the most keen-eyed observers. Their larvae (幼虫) also rely on camouflage, and although the disguise may bear no resemblance to that of the adult, it is usually equally effective.
How do such insects acquire their disguises? Probably the process was started by the appearance, within a species, of some varieties bearing a random resemblance to an aspect of their environment. The more these escaped the notice of those who preyed on them, the more opportunity they had to breed and pass on their life-saving characteristics to their descendants. In time such characteristics came to belong to the species as a whole.
This process goes on in Europe today. Colour-adaptation by some kinds of woodland moth has provided what one eminent scientist has called the most striking example of evolution which has ever been witnessed in any living organism, plant or animal. Deceptive shapes and colours, however, will be useless to an insect unless it remains completely still. Camouflaged surfaces, therefore, tend to be those which are displayed in a resting position. Since most butterflies settle with their wings placed vertically together, the undersides of the wings are disguised. But most moths rest with their wings folded downwards like a tent and so the upper surfaces are camouflaged.
41. Of all European creatures, only insects flourish because __________.
A．they are so small that they can easily survive
B．they can resist the attacks from other creature
C．they can change themselves to suit different conditions when facing disasters
D．they have proved to be the best creatures
42．Under constant threat, insects can avoid attacks by __________.
A．camouflaging
B．hiding behind leaves
C．relying on natural surroundings
D．escaping quickly without being noticed
43. The word “camouflage” (paragraph 2, line 2) most probably means __________.
A．mixture
B．resemblance
C．appearance
D．disguise
44. Which of the following is NOT true of insects?
A．All insects can change their colours to blend with their natural surroundings.
B．If insects don’t remain completely still, their disguises will be useless.
C．Some insects can change their shapes to mix with their natural surroundings.
D．Although the disguise of the larva is different from that of the adult insect, it can be also very effective.
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45. This passage mainly talks about _________.
A．camouflage
B．camouflage and insect survival
C．the process of camouflage
D．the characteristics of insects
Passage Three
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth’s interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent(遇热发光的)gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material. Today, well over a century later, there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledge of the Earth’s interior comes not from mines or boreholes, but from the study of seismic(地震的)waves----powerful pulses of energy release by earthquakes.
The way that seismic waves travel shows that the Earth’s interior is far from uniform. The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust----a thin sphere of relatively light, solid rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that extends approximately halfway to the Earth’s center. There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing heat and growing pressure.
In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; at greater depths, high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even more intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.
Beyond a depth of around 2900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves can’t pass through the core and others are bent by it. Form this and other evidence; geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.
The conditions in the Earth’s core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9000 degree Fahrenheit. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.
46. From where do we get most of our information about the Earth’s interior today?
A. From boreholes.
B. From earthquake.
C. From seismic waves.
D. From crust.
47. The word “uniform” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. imagination
B. consistency
C. difference
D. variation
48. Which of the followings is a primary characteristic of the Earth’s mantle?
A. Compressed incandescent gas.
B. Light solid rock.
C. Subject of increasing heat and pressure.
D. Unvarying in composition.
49. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. In the deeper level of the mantle, because both the heat and pressure are so high that the rock behave like a liquid.
B. People had different theories about the nature of the Earth’s interior in 1860s.
C. Today we still don’t know much about the Earth’s interior.
D. We know even less about the Earth’s core than space.
50. The phrase “gives way to” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. turns into
B. floats on
C. rubs against
D. runs along
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Passage Four
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
51. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The problems faced by leaders.
B．How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C．How social groups determine who will lead them.
D．The role of leaders in social groups.
52. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_____________.
A．recruitment
B．formal election process
C．specific leadership training
D．traditional cultural patterns
53. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B．Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C．A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D．Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
54. In mentioning “natural leaders” (Paragraph 2, Line 2), the author is making the point that____________.
A．few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B．there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C．“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group
D．“natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
55．The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________.
A．ensuring harmonious relationships
B．sharing responsibility with group members
C．identifying new leaders
D．achieving a goal
Part Ⅳ Sentence Translation （本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分。）
56. 他全神贯注地听杨教授上课并很快成了她最喜欢的学生。
57. 许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法。
58. 我希望我的忠告对处于压力下的学生们会起作用：前面的路有着许多不能预见的机遇。
59. 小汤姆意识到已无法改变这一严酷的现实：随着父母的突然去世，他的家庭已经破碎。
60. 为了帮助外国投资者更好地了解上海，他们根据能找到的各种资料来源汇编了这本指南。
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Part Ⅴ Paragraph Translation（本大题共1小题，10分。）
61. 上学的孩子们中间有一种普遍的错误想法，即认为他们的老师当年都是些神童。不管怎么说，除了不像一般孩子那样生性贪玩、不愿学习的书呆子之外，还有谁愿意长大后当老师呢？我竭力向我的学生们解释我在他们心目中的形象 一个在青春期热衷于书本和作业的人 有一点被扭曲了。相反，我极为憎恨义务教育。我永远都无法接受在鱼儿上钩时不得不去上学的想法。
Part VI Writing （本题共1小题，15分。）
62. Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay entitled “How Long Should the National Holiday Be?” You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1) 有些人认为国庆长假好，有些人认为国庆短假好。
2) 我认为......，因为……。
3) 我建议有关部门（The relevant departments）……
